In the new era, the development of agriculture, countryside and farmers stands at an important node.
In the past five years, China’s historic achievements in agriculture, countryside and farmers have attracted worldwide attention, and at the same time, it has encountered some new "growing pains". People are generally concerned: Where is the orientation of agricultural and rural modernization in China? How to get there?
Focusing on the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a socialist modernization power in an all-round way, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has made great efforts to promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, enhance the sense of happiness of hundreds of millions of farmers, and put forward the strategy of rural revitalization, which has pointed out a new direction and drawn a new blueprint for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the new era.
New orientation: the development of agriculture, countryside and farmers has entered a new stage, and rural revitalization shoulders a new mission.
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that the issue of farmers in agriculture and rural areas is a fundamental issue related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, and we must always take solving the "three rural issues" as the top priority of the whole party’s work.
In the new era, the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. Looking at "agriculture, countryside and farmers" from this perspective, the achievements are impressive, but the problems cannot be avoided.
The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy is to meet the new requirements of the changes in major social contradictions-
"At present, the biggest development imbalance is the imbalance between urban and rural development; The biggest lack of development is the lack of rural development. " Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu said.
Under the new situation, the main contradiction of agriculture has changed from insufficient aggregate to structural contradiction, which is mainly manifested in the coexistence of staged oversupply and insufficient supply. Agricultural and rural development has entered a new historical stage.
Externally, the gap between urban and rural areas is still large. Ye Xingqing, Director of Rural Economic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, said that the east and west, cities and rural areas, regardless of economic development, infrastructure and public services, rural areas are obvious shortcomings in development.
Internally, agriculture and rural areas have entered the platform period of structural upgrading, mode transformation and power transformation, and it is urgent to cultivate new kinetic energy to adapt to the new situation.
The demand has escalated, and the effective supply can’t keep up. Li Mingfang, who lives in Dongcheng District of Beijing and is known as a "baker", said frankly: "To make bread soft, you have to use high-gluten flour, but most famous brands are imported and the price is much more expensive." Song Hongyuan, director of the Rural Economic Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, said: "Now people should not only eat well, but also eat safely and healthily, while our agricultural products have more staple goods, less high-quality and branded products, and the surplus of low-end agricultural products and the shortage of high-end agricultural products coexist."
The traditional motivation of increasing farmers’ income has weakened, and the new motivation can’t keep up. Zheng Fengtian, a professor at the School of Agriculture and Rural Development of Renmin University of China, said that the economic growth has slowed down and the wage income growth of migrant workers has been limited; With rising costs and falling prices, the growth rate of agricultural operating income has slowed down, and farmers are under great pressure to continue to increase their income.
The carrying capacity of resources and environment has reached the limit, and green production can’t keep up. The extensive management mode in many places has not changed fundamentally after the fertilization and shelling and flooding. China feeds 20% of the world’s population with 10% of the world’s arable land and 6% of the world’s fresh water resources. Behind the achievement is a huge price. The resources have been overdrawn for a long time, and the strings are getting tighter and tighter, and the ecological environment has lit up a "red light".
To solve these problems, we need to take unconventional revitalization measures in rural areas and find ways to make breakthroughs in system design and policy innovation.
The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy is to stabilize the "basic disk" of agriculture and rural areas-
Some people in the society have questioned whether it is necessary to strengthen the countryside when a large number of rural laborers enter the city. The proportion of agricultural output value is declining. Do we need to help agriculture? The inventory of some agricultural products is high, do you want to catch food?
"Agriculture, rural areas and farmers" are improving and taking the overall initiative. At no time can we ignore agriculture, forget farmers and be indifferent to the countryside. "Agricultural modernization is the basic support of the national modern economic system." Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of the China Academy of Social Sciences, thinks that which can be separated from agriculture, rural areas and farmers is stable growth, ensuring supply and expanding domestic demand? With the development of industrialization and urbanization, the share of agriculture in GDP will further decline, but the basic position of agriculture will not change, and the national conditions of a large number of farmers living in rural areas will not change. Even if the urbanization rate reaches 70% in the future, there will be nearly 400 million people in rural areas. Only when the "basic game" of agriculture and rural areas is stabilized can the whole game of national modernization be alive.
Bread is the staff of life. The problem of feeding 1.3 billion people has always been a top priority. "The better the food production situation is, the less we can relax." Yuan Longping, an 87-year-old academician of China Academy of Engineering, lamented, "Chinese’s rice bowl should be firmly in his own hands, and our rice bowl should mainly contain China grain."
Implementing the rural revitalization strategy is a necessary question to realize the goal of "two hundred years"-
Without agricultural modernization, rural prosperity and prosperity, and farmers living and working in peace and contentment, national modernization is incomplete, incomplete and unstable. This is by no means alarmist. In the 1970s and 1980s, some emerging countries took off at a high speed, but failed to handle the contradictions and problems in the transition period and fell into the "middle income trap". This warns us that to realize the modernization of the whole country, we must speed up the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.
To build a well-off society in an all-round way, the countryside is a short board. Ye Xingqing said that vigorously revitalizing the countryside can avoid agricultural decline and rural decline. Give priority to policy support, investment guarantee and public service satisfaction, so that all farmers can step into a well-off society in an all-round way, so that building a well-off society in an all-round way can be recognized by the people and stand the test of history.
Rural revitalization conforms to the new expectations of hundreds of millions of farmers, and the vast fields are full of new hopes.
Liu Yonghao, chairman of New Hope Group, who has dealt with agriculture, countryside and farmers for 35 years, said: "Implementing rural revitalization is another strategic opportunity for agricultural and rural development, which will activate the endogenous power of the vast rural areas and give birth to more good days!"
Chuanxi Wang, director of Daicun Village Committee in Lanling County, Shandong Province, said that in the past, the village had a weak foundation and the villagers’ life was tight. Nowadays, we have embarked on the road of characteristic and efficient agriculture, and everyone has a good life. "Rural revitalization, good policies continue, farmers can make great achievements, and the countryside will also make great progress. The whole village is twisted into a rope, which will definitely revitalize the countryside! "
The new path: five aspects of systematic efforts to accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas
How to revitalize the countryside?
The report of the 19th National Congress outlines a clear path: according to the general requirements of industrial prosperity, ecological livability, rural civilization, effective governance and affluent life, establish and improve the institutional mechanism and policy system of urban-rural integration development, and accelerate the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.
The general requirements cover five aspects: rural economy, ecology, civilization, governance and life. Systematic efforts are made to make agriculture a promising industry, farmers an attractive profession and rural areas a home to live and work in peace and contentment.
Industrial prosperity is fundamental.
With a large population and a small land, resources are in short supply, so it is necessary to choose the right focus to realize agricultural and rural modernization. Song Hongyuan believes that based on the national conditions and agricultural conditions, it is necessary to speed up the construction of modern agricultural industrial system, production system and management system, and further promote the structural reform of agricultural supply side.
This is a broad adjustment of productive forces and a profound change of production relations.
-Optimize the structure and break through the price ceiling.
Adjust more, and adjust less. Shanxi Jinzhong HSBC Cooperative "runs in small steps, while watching and adjusting". After reducing grain corn last year, this year, it expanded the area of waxy corn and organic black adzuki beans. Chairman Zhi Peilin said: "The cooperative has a total of 32,000 mu of land, and the corn has taken the road of high quality and special use. Small miscellaneous grains have applied for trademarks, and members have increased their income by hundreds of yuan per mu after autumn."
"Market pricing, price compensation separation", the unbalanced ship turned around. The area of corn in the key areas of national corn structural adjustment has decreased, and the varieties in short supply have increased. The soybean in short supply in the market has increased by 8.7 million mu, and the miscellaneous grains have increased by 6 million mu. Addition and subtraction in the field, in exchange for a good hand in industrial layout.
-adjust the way and untie the "tight spell" of resources.
What should be retired should be retired and what should be reduced should be reduced. This winter, Liu Fusheng, a farmer in Xishengfo Village, Yanshan County, Hebei Province, relaxed a lot. As a seasonal fallow pilot village, the villagers changed from harvesting wheat and planting corn to planting only one season of corn, and received 500 yuan fallow subsidies per mu. The antagonistic farming that lasted for many years turned into adaptive farming, which gave the tired land a break.
Agricultural production is becoming greener. With the implementation of the five major actions of agricultural green development, the intensity of resource utilization has decreased, the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water has increased to above 0.55, the application of pesticides in the country has achieved zero growth, and the comprehensive utilization rate of straw resources and the recovery rate of agricultural film have reached above 60%.
-adjust the system and solve the problem of "who will plant the land".
Driven by the cooperative, the land in Wuniu Village, Gulu Town, Yubei District, Chongqing changed its planting method, adjusted its structure and planted Xiantao plum, which grew to 2,500 mu in four years. Que Xingguo, the village party secretary, said: "This new variety plum is as big as a fist and looks like a peach. It has a good benefit. This year, it produced 100,000 kilograms, with an average of 1 kilogram sold in 20 yuan."
The new subject brings new vitality. Farmers’ cooperatives, family farms and other new business entities and service entities have developed rapidly, and more and more farmers have shared the dividends of modern agriculture.
Ecological livability is the foundation.
"In the past, we always envied the people in the city to live clean, but now the people in the city envy the people in our village to live a comfortable life." Zhong Jiaxu of Qinggangshu Village, Sandaoyan Town, Pidu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province is very proud. In the past, garbage surrounded the village, sewage flowed, and a rural environmental improvement made the village greatly different. Promoting green development, coordinating the protection of landscapes, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, from the full implementation of the river length system to the improvement of rural human settlements, a series of new measures have been continuously strengthened, and more and more villages "can see the mountains, see the water and remember to live in homesickness".
Ye Xingqing believes that the modernization of agriculture and rural areas is also the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. It is necessary to strengthen rural ecological protection, turn the beautiful blueprint of agricultural green development into reality, and strive to build farmers’ happy homes, so that the countryside in the new era is not only green, but also beautiful.
Rural civilization is the key.
The "face" of the countryside is new, and the "lining" is also new. In Ningling County, Henan Province, in the past, weddings and funerals were carried out in rural areas, and some villagers became poor because of marriage. The local rural areas set up red and white councils, formulated new regulations, and changed customs. Civilized new styles are gradually gaining popularity, and the expenses for handling weddings, funerals and happy events in the county are generally reduced by 1/3.
Zhu Qizhen, director of the Institute of Farmers’ Issues of China Agricultural University, said that farmers should be rich in pockets as well as brains, not only in food and clothing, but also in spirit. Rural civilization construction should be integrated into all aspects of rural revitalization to continuously meet the needs of farmers for a better life.
Effective governance is the guarantee.
To solve the problem of rural governance, we must have new mechanisms and new rules. Yangping Village, Yunyang County, Chongqing implements grid management, with 10 independent grids and a studio to collect social conditions and public opinions, supervise environmental sanitation and mediate contradictions and disputes. Once chaotic villages have become advanced villages.
Tan Qiucheng, director of the Rural Governance Research Office of China Academy of Social Sciences, believes that with the accelerated transformation of rural social structure, farmers’ interests are diversified. Further improving the villagers’ self-government system, improving the level of grass-roots governance, and forming a standardized, orderly and dynamic rural governance mechanism can escort the rural revitalization.
Living well is the goal.
Multi-channel to increase income and accelerate the transformation of power. Jumping out of single agriculture, batches of agricultural products bid farewell to "washing, cutting and blowing" and become "green and rich" in supermarkets. New industries and new formats such as leisure agriculture, rural tourism and rural e-commerce are booming, and more farmers realize "making money at home".
Rural revitalization cannot leave ordinary farmers behind. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to realize the organic connection between small farmers and the development of modern agriculture. "The innovative management system is not a new stove, and the dominant position of family business cannot be changed." Chen Xiwen, dean of China Rural Research Institute of Tsinghua University, said that scale management is an inevitable trend, but the scale of agriculture not only refers to the scale of land, but also refers to the scale of service. Through the whole process of socialized service, one household can also move towards modernization.
New measures: urban and rural integration development, more resource allocation to "agriculture, rural areas and farmers"
The countryside and the city are born together and develop with each other, and they are a closely linked community of destiny. The development of China is inseparable from the prosperity of the city and the revitalization of the countryside.
Zhu Qizhen said that from "coordinating urban and rural development" to "integrating urban and rural development" and then to "integrating urban and rural development", the CPC Central Committee has a profound understanding of the changing trend and development law of urban and rural areas.
The integrated development of urban and rural areas is to make up for shortcomings and strong and weak items, and tilt more resource allocation to "agriculture, rural areas and farmers".
New policies and measures have been intensively introduced: let farmers live in peace of mind as soon as possible, and the central government will release 18.5 billion yuan of subsidies for rural dilapidated houses in 2018 in advance; Promote the integration of the three industries, and the relevant ministries and commissions issue opinions to promote the development of the agricultural industrialization consortium; In view of the problem of multi-head management and overlapping of agricultural funds, many departments have explored the establishment of a long-term mechanism for overall planning and integration …
-fill in the outstanding shortcomings.
"Well-off society is not well-off, the key is to look at fellow villagers." It is our party’s solemn commitment to let poor people and poor areas join the whole country in entering a well-off society in an all-round way. At present, poverty alleviation and development has entered the sprint period of gnawing hard bones and attacking villages.
Thousands of years of mountains and valleys, Dingxi, Gansu Province was once notoriously barren, and generations of farmers expected that "a knot in one’s heart would turn into Jin Doudou", but now their dreams have come true. Dingxi has been grinding a sword for ten years and carefully cultivated potatoes as an industry to enrich the people, which has driven 170,000 people out of poverty and become rich.
To tackle deep poverty, we are United in overcoming difficulties. A ruler can help the poor, concentrate firepower and pay more attention to quality. The central and relevant state departments and relevant provinces, in accordance with the general plan of precise poverty alleviation and precise poverty alleviation, focus on solving outstanding constraints, make up shortcomings as a breakthrough, strengthen the support and guarantee system, increase policy inclination, and concentrate on tackling key problems.
Zeng Yesong, a professor at the Central Party School, said that to get rid of poverty, we must make the poor people warm up and move, and abandon the mentality of "basking on the wall and waiting for others to send them a well-off life"; At the same time, the local authorities should not be eager for success, and they should be overweight at different levels.
-focus on rural people’s livelihood problems.
"In the past, the toilet was called a’ toilet’, with two bricks in a pit and a three-foot earth wall around it. Now, the public toilets are clean and practical, and the whole village looks superior. " Wang Yuanshan, a villager from Grandma Temple Village, tongshan district, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, said. "Building a toilet seems like a trivial matter, but it is related to the happiness of farmers." Wang Weifeng, secretary of the Tongshan District Party Committee, said that the construction of 1,000 high-standard flush toilets in the whole region has solved the problem of people’s "difficulty in going to the toilet".
What the people expect, what the government does. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward "attaching great importance to rural compulsory education" and "improving and unifying the basic medical insurance system and serious illness insurance system for urban and rural residents", aiming at the most urgent problems that the peasants are most concerned about, constantly improving the basic public services, and weaving the rural people’s livelihood security network more densely and firmly.
-lay a solid foundation for rural development.
In the early summer of each year, rape flowers in Kayang Village, Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province are in full bloom. In the past, the road into the village was bumpy, which affected the passenger flow; Nowadays, roads have been rebuilt in the county, with more tourists and villagers’ income increasing. In Huangzhong County, the rural roads in all poor villages will be rebuilt next year to make the rural "capillaries" smoother.
If you want to be rich, build roads first. To build rural roads, we must manage, protect and operate them well. The construction of "four good rural roads" has achieved tangible results, bringing popularity and wealth to rural areas, especially poor areas. From the gradual completion of water circuits and gas rooms to the continuous introduction of TV broadband, the financial investment is willing to give up real money, and the rural infrastructure is improving faster and faster.
Zheng Xinli, vice chairman of China International Economic Exchange Center, believes that to implement the rural revitalization strategy, we should find ways to open the gap, guide more urban production factors to flow to rural areas, accelerate the narrowing of the gap between urban and rural development, and provide a solid foundation for realizing agricultural and rural modernization.
New kinetic energy: reform breaks through key links and fully releases new vitality for development.
The reform started in the countryside and is deepening in the fields. In the past five years, various rural reforms have been further promoted, and the framework of "four beams and eight pillars" has been basically established. To implement the rural revitalization strategy, we must continue to deepen reforms, activate more elements such as "land, money and people", and fully release the vitality of agricultural and rural development.
How to change the land system? Stabilize the right to contract. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made it clear that the land in contract relationship should be kept stable and unchanged for a long time, and the second round of land contracting should be extended for another 30 years after its expiration. This policy red envelope allows farmers to eat "reassuring pills."
After receiving the "Big Red Book", Ding Yan of Baishan Village, Queshan County, Henan Province is more practical: "The land area, schematic diagram and contract are all in the book. I transfer the land to the industrial park, and I can rent 1000 yuan per mu for one year. I can also work in the park. I can earn more than 1,200 yuan a month, and an acre of land can turn into two acres of benefits."
Release the right to operate. Rural land "separation of powers" awakens sleeping resources. In Liupanshui, Guizhou, a "three changes" reform has greatly changed the lives of many farmers. Li Ruming, a farmer in Ega Village, Miluo Town, Shuicheng County, didn’t expect that his 4 mu of land had three incomes: rent for circulation, salary for working, and dividends for shares. "Liberated from the land, now I am doing my own business, and I am more energetic." Li Ruming is full of longing for the future.
"No matter how it is changed, the collective ownership of rural land cannot be changed, the cultivated land cannot be reduced, the grain output cannot be changed, and the interests of farmers cannot be harmed." Zhang Hongyu, director of the Department of Economics and Management of the Ministry of Agriculture, said that by the end of November, the area of rural land was over 1.1 billion mu, and the next step will be to explore the transformation and application of the results of land ownership in promoting land circulation, mortgage financing and agricultural subsidies.
Where does the money come from?
"On the one hand, stabilize the agricultural input mechanism, on the other hand, increase rural financial innovation." Li Guoxiang believes that it is necessary to give full play to the leverage of financial funds and incite financial and social capital to invest more in agriculture and rural areas.
Deepen the reform of rural collective property rights system and turn resources into assets. Zhejiang rural areas explore "the three powers go to people, and the power goes with people", and the rural land is expensive by quantifying the shares of operating assets; Gongcun Village, Xiaotian, Lucheng City, Shanxi Province, carried out the reform of collective assets’ share rights, quantitatively converted collective assets into shares, and established economic cooperatives. The villagers got dividends and worked hard.
Who will revitalize the countryside?
The key to rural revitalization lies in people. Zheng Fengtian said that through institutional innovation, we should cultivate a "three rural" work team that understands agriculture, loves the countryside and loves farmers, mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of hundreds of millions of farmers, stimulate the endogenous power of rural development, and inject more "living water" into rural revitalization.
After graduating from Qian Xin University in Tongling City, Anhui Province, he returned to his hometown to start a family farm. "High-quality agricultural products are highly sought after by urban consumers. I have transferred more than 1,000 mu of land, developed high-quality rice and planted pollution-free fruits and vegetables. As long as you work hard, you can make a difference in the countryside. " Qian Wei said.
With policies such as encouraging migrant workers to return to their hometowns to start businesses, "returning to the city" is becoming a craze, with more than 7 million entrepreneurs returning to their hometowns nationwide. At the same time, various forms of moderate scale operation have developed steadily, with more than 14 million new professional farmers and 1.88 million farmers’ professional cooperatives, accounting for more than 30% of the scale operation area.
The new era, new journey, and the grand blueprint for rural revitalization are enviable and inspiring. Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, with one heart and one mind, and a blueprint to the end, China’s "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" cause will surely open up a new world, and hundreds of millions of farmers will also embrace a happier and better tomorrow. (Reporter Zhao Yongping Wang Hao)