月度归档： 2024 年 3 月

In the 21st century, China has rushed to the front of the locomotive of science and technology and entered the stage of rapid development.Children are the flowers of the motherland, and the changes of the times and the development of the motherland also change their growing environment.For more than 20 years from the Millennium to the present, the economic level has developed rapidly, and science and technology have been constantly innovated. The countless conveniences and problems that followed have also been projected in children’s childhood life. Over the past 20 years, we have gone from promoting the popularization of education to advocating reducing the burden of education, from worrying about children’s malnutrition to having to face the increasingly serious obesity problem. At the same time, countless questions have been thrown out-do children need cram schools? How should children use the Internet scientifically?How can children have a healthy and happy childhood?

We will focus on the changes in all aspects of children’s lives since the 21st century, find the gratifying development trend, analyze the exposed problems and put forward our suggestions.

I. Education

1. Compulsory education

A century-long plan, education-oriented. China began to implement compulsory education in 1986. In the 21st century, the popularity of education in China has been greatly improved. The enrollment rate of primary school-age children has remained above 99%, while the enrollment rate of primary schools has stabilized at around 98%.Reach the standard of universal compulsory education.

In the process of promoting the implementation and balanced development of compulsory education, all localities are actively adjusting the layout of primary and secondary schools, especially standardizing the layout of rural primary and secondary schools, reducing the number of primary schools and improving the quality of teaching.

Because of the decline in birth rate, the number of primary school students is declining.From 2001 to 2013, the decline rate was as high as 25.4%, and the number of students has rebounded since then. The number of primary schools decreased from 491,300 in 2001 to 160,100 in 2019, with a drop of 67.4%, much higher than the decline in the number of students.

At the same time, the quality of the teaching staff has been continuously improved, the teacher-student ratio has increased significantly, and the national education funding has increased synchronously with the economic development. All changes have proved that,China has entered a new stage of promoting the balanced development of compulsory education and promoting educational equity. The state attaches great importance to basic education and strives to give children a better education so that every child can enter the hall of knowledge.

Step 2 read

Books are the ladder of human progress. In the initial stage of life, reading more books and reading good books are conducive to children’s moral education, enlightenment and history.

Since the 21st century, the number and types of children’s books in China have increased by spurt, and it is no longer hard to find a book.In 2001, there were 7,255 kinds of children’s books, but in 2019, there were 43,712 kinds, about five times as many as in 2001. At present, China publishes more than 40,000 kinds of children’s books every year.The total publishing volume ranks first in the world and has reached a rich enough level.Children in the new century have more reading choices and can draw spiritual food at any time.

In 2009, the "National Reading Survey Report" included "the reading status of minors under the age of 18" in the survey scope for the first time. Comparing the two reports in 2009 and 2019, which were separated by 10 years, we can find that the number of minors aged 0-17 in China.The reading volume and reading rate of books have been greatly improved.. The reading volume of children aged 0-8 increased the most, from 3.85 to 9.54 books per year.Behind the growth of children’s reading figures, school guidance and family companionship are indispensable.

The reading situation of teenagers indicates the future civilization and ideological thickness of a nation to a certain extent.. In this era surrounded by electronic devices, it is necessary for creators and publishers to publish more high-quality books, parents and schools to guide children to develop good reading habits, and the whole society to create a good reading atmosphere.

Since the founding of New China 70 years ago, the strategic position of giving priority to the development of education in China has been gradually strengthened. Facing the new era, we expect China education to lead the realization of the goal of "two hundred years" and realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Following the development trend of the times, China has been constantly rebuilding, adjusting and reforming the educational mechanism and system, independently exploring China’s educational model, and striving to create a better learning environment for every child and help them grow up.

Second, health

With the arrival of the new century, the flowers of the motherland have taken on a new look.The morphological development level of primary and middle school students in urban and rural areas in China has been continuously improved, and the health problems such as malnutrition that have plagued children in China for decades have been greatly improved, and the physical fitness and health status of Chinese students have generally improved. But at the same time, the worrying obesity rate, myopia rate and lack of sleep time are also increasing.

Step 1 change for the better

Over the past 20 years, the level of morphological development of primary and middle school students in urban and rural areas in China has been continuously improved.At the same time, children’s physiological development has changed, such as accelerated growth rate, improved growth level and early puberty development, especially in urban children. With the development of economy, the improvement of diet level and the change of concept in the new era, the variety of food on children’s table is more abundant.Malnutrition, which has plagued children in China for decades, has greatly improved.

"Civilization of its spirit, barbarism of its body."It has always been the goal pursued by school education. According to the results of previous national surveys on students’ physique and health released by the Ministry of Education, students’ physique and health in China have generally improved. In 2019, the excellent and good rate of students aged 6-22 nationwide reached 23.8%, which was significantly higher than in previous years. At the same time, the level of students’ vital capacity has risen in an all-round way, and the quality of primary and secondary school students’ flexibility, strength, speed and endurance has improved.

In recent 20 years, the improvement of students’ physique and health level is attributed to the joint action of economic development, policy guidance and home-school coordination.

2. There are still problems

Due to the profound changes in the dietary structure and lifestyle of children and adolescents in recent years, coupled with the heavy academic burden and the popularity of electronic products,The rate of overweight and obesity among children in China is rising rapidly, which has become an important public health problem threatening the physical and mental health of children in China.

At the same time,The myopia rate of children in China is also the highest in the world for a long time. The formation of "a big country with glasses" cannot be ignored.In recent years, the detection rate of poor eyesight among primary and middle school students in China remains high. From 2000 to 2014, the detection rate of poor eyesight in all age groups has increased, and it shows a trend of increasing with age. The main reasons for the rising incidence of myopia among teenagers are premature contact with electronic products in infancy, early time for teenagers to "touch the internet", increased time for using electronic products, and insufficient time for sleep and exercise.The key age stages of myopia prevention and control are kindergartens and primary schools.

In view of the increasingly serious situation of myopia among adolescents, the Ministry of Education, the Health and Health Commission and other departments attach great importance to the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents, and cooperate with many parties to promote related work, and have achieved certain results.In 2020, the overall myopia rate of children and adolescents in China is 52.7%, which is 0.9 percentage points lower than that in 2018, basically achieving the prevention and control goal of the Comprehensive Prevention and Control Plan for Myopia of Children and Adolescents, which is 0.5 percentage points lower every year.However, there is still a long way to go to get rid of the "myopic country" hat.

Since the new century, the social emphasis on education has invisibly increased the learning pressure for children.In the new century, children’s learning burden is heavier, sleep time is reduced, and homework time is seriously exceeded.

To this end, the state also attaches great importance to and tries to solve it.From 2004, when the Ministry of Education officially put forward the policy of "reducing the burden" to 2021, how to reduce the burden without reducing the quality has always been a hot issue in society.

Since the 1990s, China has formulated a series of policies to reduce the burden, but studentsThe school time shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, which seems to reflect the game between increasingly fierce educational competition and burden reduction.

At the same time, the school has lightened students’ schoolwork burden, and parents have added a new burden to their children after class. In addition to the homework that must be completed in class, the time spent by children on extracurricular tutoring has increased greatly, and extracurricular learning and tutoring have come from behind and become the main burden for students. Comparing the time for children to finish homework with the length of sleep, it is not difficult to find that,After-school study has seriously squeezed the sleep time of children..

Children’s health is an important cornerstone of national health. Since the beginning of the 21st century, children’s growing environment has changed dramatically. While some chronic diseases have been solved, new problems have emerged. The state has been paying close attention to children’s health status, and timely issued guiding policies and opinions to protect children’s healthy growth.

Third, entertainment

Every child’s most hopeful moment should be when the school bell rings. It was the most carefree time, whether it was playing with friends in twos and threes after school, lingering in a snack bar filled with snacks, or trying the Internet in a novel way … The entertainment time in childhood will definitely leave traces in children’s hearts.

1. Internet

After the Millennium, children met the wave of internet popularization.In 1994, the Internet was connected to China, and then it developed with irresistible momentum. From 2002 to 2020, the number of netizens in China increased from 59 million to 989 million, and the internet penetration rate increased from 4.6% to 70.4%, especially in the two time periods of 2006-2010 and 2015-2020.

The constantly updated electronic equipment provides more options for their after-school entertainment.The Internet and electronic equipment have left a strong impression in the post-00′ s life and reflected the characteristics of the times.

In 2010, the Internet penetration rate in China has just exceeded 1/3, and children have little access to the Internet. At that time, only 13.5% of children were under the age of 6, while as many as 43.7% opened the door to the information world after the age of 10. Ten years later, the situation has changed dramatically. The proportion of children under the age of 6 who touch the internet has doubled, while the number of people who use the internet after the age of 10 has been greatly reduced to 13.6%. This shows that most "post-00" students skillfully shuttled between major websites as early as primary school.

Internet has become an inseparable part of children’s lives, and the problem of how to guide minors to use the Internet scientifically is also in front of everyone.Thanks to the joint efforts of the state, schools and parents, the entertainment function of the Internet has weakened in recent years, while the educational function has been significantly enhanced, and online education has developed rapidly during the epidemic. At the same time, in the new era, children’s single online time is becoming more and more reasonable, but the online frequency is greatly increased and the overall online time is prolonged.More scientific and technological inventions in the future will also bring about changes in children’s lifestyles. How to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses and use them scientifically? The general trend of the times gives the direction.

2. pocket money

Every child has a treasure-piggy bank.With the development of economy, the consumption level of children in China has also improved obviously, and children’s wallets are "bulging" day by day.

However, the increase in the amount of discretionary money does not seem to have caused children to fall into a frenzy of consumption. From 2005 to 2015, except for the snack consumption, which increased by 2%, other consumption showed a downward trend.Children in the new era have a strong sense of saving.51.5% people have made the choice of saving money, and the proportion has been soaring in recent years. In contrast, only 16.6% of the "post-90 s" children choose to save pocket money. Although "post-00" people’s awareness of deposit has increased, their awareness of donation has declined.This shows that with the development of the times, children’s self-awareness and individual awareness are constantly strengthened. How to help children establish a correct view of money and cultivate the values of "everyone for me and I for everyone" still needs further efforts.

Since the reform and opening up, children’s social environment has been actively improved and optimized, but there are still many problems, especially in children’s recreational life, which plays an important and special role in children’s growth. Science and technology are changing with each passing day, and policies should also keep up with the ever-changing reality.The mixed voice of appeals, cheers and controversies urges us to sum up past experience and study the current situation in order to have a better future.

The children’s development policy formulated by the national government is the policy and code of action to promote children’s development, which determines the direction of children’s development in a country.In the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children, the United Nations pointed out: "The happiness of children needs a higher level of policy action."

China government attaches great importance to children’s survival, health and development, pays close attention to the constantly developing actual situation and emerging new problems, improves children’s policies with the times, and formulates forward-looking national policies to promote the development of children’s cause. Through the actions of the government and society, the basic system and action system for protecting children’s rights have been established. From the education problems of hundreds of millions of children to myopia and internet addiction prevention, the state has propped up a huge "umbrella" for all aspects of children’s lives, protecting the seedlings of the motherland from growing sturdily.

Basic education has been fully popularized, but excessive training has also brought a heavy burden. The rapid development of the Internet has changed the traditional way of learning and entertainment, and contributed a large number of diverse cultural resources. However, like Pandora’s box, it has also caused many problems such as "Internet addiction" and "myopia rate". Education, diet, electronic equipment …All aspects of rapid development allow children to enjoy abundant material conditions that children have never had before, and also create conditions for them to fully release their potential, so that children can stand higher and see farther, but at the same time they are confined to a test paper, a screen and an unhealthy body.

In a blink of an eye, "post-90s" has become the backbone of the society, and "post-00" has gradually entered the threshold of adulthood, and the childhood of "post-10s" and "post-20s" continues. The times follow their own trajectory and rush to a more colorful future at a high speed. The "red" and "black" left on the way are all splashed with ink in children’s childhood. From the different childhood trajectories of "post-90s" to "post-00s", we can sum up the gratifying development trend, guide the future development of children, and even sum up the problems and hidden dangers, intervene and solve them as soon as possible, so as to better implement the principle of giving priority to children.

In order to give children a healthy and happy childhood, China has made many beneficial attempts, and children’s living standards have been greatly improved. We should also learn from setbacks, face problems squarely and try to solve them. There is still a long way to go …

Note: the age definition of "children"

Article 1 of the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child stipulates that a minor is anyone under the age of 18. Minors are children. The Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Minors promulgated in 1991 defines the age of minors, that is, children, as 0-18 years old (excluding 18 years old). This time, we define the age of "children" as 0-17 (one year old), which is consistent with the international standards and the policy documents issued by the China government. In this article, we will mainly focus on school-age children aged 6-14.

Data source:

[1] http://www.stats.gov.cn/, National Bureau of Statistics

[2] China Press and Publication Research Institute "China National Reading Survey Report"

[3] National Physical Fitness Monitoring Center "National Physical Fitness Monitoring Bulletin"

[4]CNNIC Statistical Report on Internet Development in China (2002-2020)

[5] The Ministry of Youth Rights and Interests of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) and China Youth New Media Association jointly issued "The Status of Internet Use for Minors in 2020".

[6] The Institute of Journalism and Communication of China Academy of Social Sciences, the School of Journalism and Communication of China Academy of Social Sciences, and Social Science Literature Publishing House jointly published "Blue Book for Teenagers: Report on Internet Use of Minors in China (2021)".

[7] The "National Survey on Learning Stress of Primary and Secondary School Students" was released by the artificial intelligence education platform for primary and secondary schools.

[8] Announcement of the Ministry of Education on the results of the national survey on students’ physique and health in 2005

http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_943/moe_947/200705/t20070522_80580.html

[9] Announcement of the Ministry of Education on the results of the 2010 national survey on students’ physique and health

http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_943/moe_947/201108/t20110829_124202.html

[10] Wang Xiuping: "40 years of children’s development in China", China Social Sciences Press, 2020.

[11] Song Yanhui, Zhang Shengqin: "The Changing Trend of Internet Use of Minors (2009 ~ 2013)", Social Science Literature Publishing House, 2014.

[12] Zhang Xudong, Sun Hongyan, Zhao Xia: From "After 90" to "After 00": Investigation Report on Children’s Development in China, China Youth Research, 2017(2)

References:

People’s Daily reports: 70 years of educational reform and development is magnificent | Celebrating 70 years of achievements, 2019.

Team member: School of Journalism and Information Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Xu Xinyan Li Ning Zhou Ji Zhao Xiangjing

Instructor: Xu Di, School of Journalism and Information Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology

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　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 15th Title: A scientific and technological event to promote global openness, innovation, cooperation and sharing — — Prospect of 2023 Zhongguancun Forum

　　Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporters Wen Jinghua and Zhang Manzi

　　It is planned to hold more than 150 events in 6 major sections, including forum meetings, exhibitions, technology transactions, results release, frontier competitions and supporting activities; Focus on the theme of "open cooperation and shared future", with internationalization, high-end and branding as important features; A number of original cutting-edge scientific and technological achievements, authoritative research reports, major international scientific and technological cooperation projects and policy initiatives will be released at the forum … …

　　From May 25th to 30th, 2023 Zhongguancun Forum will be held in Beijing to create a scientific and technological event to promote global openness, innovation, cooperation and sharing. On the 15th, the State Council Office held a press conference, and the responsible persons of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Beijing introduced the preparations for this forum. The reporter combed the relevant points.

　　On May 15th, the State Council held a press conference for the 2023 Zhongguancun Forum. Xinhua News Agency reporter Wen Jinghua photo

　　Open and innovative scientific and technological event: more than 150 events in 6 major sections.

　　"Since its establishment in 2007, Zhongguancun Forum has been successfully held for 13 sessions. As an important international exchange window for China to actively participate in the world’s scientific and technological innovation practice and deeply participate in global scientific and technological governance, it has made important contributions to promoting the construction of Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center, leading and supporting high-quality development, and deepening scientific and technological open cooperation." Wu Zhaohui, Vice Minister of Science and Technology, said that internationalization, high-end and branding are the important features of this Zhongguancun Forum.

　　According to reports, the 2023 Zhongguancun Forum set up more than 150 events in six major sections, including forum meetings, exhibitions, technology transactions, results release, frontier competitions and supporting activities, attracting guests from more than 80 countries and regions, and nearly 200 foreign government departments, international organizations and institutions participated. Nearly 120 top experts, including 17 Nobel Prize-winning guests, will deliver high-level keynote speeches, among which foreign speakers account for over 40%.

　　Focusing on frontier fields such as artificial intelligence, life sciences and clean energy, as well as hot topics such as data governance and digital sports, the forum will hold 55 parallel forums, of which 25 will be led or co-sponsored by national ministries and commissions, and institutions such as Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academy of Engineering, and China Association for Science and Technology will also host a number of exciting activities, highlighting the national platform function of the forum.

　　In addition, a number of original cutting-edge scientific and technological achievements, authoritative research reports, major international scientific and technological cooperation projects and policy initiatives will be released in the forum, and a series of activities such as the Global Technology Trading Ecological Partner Conference, the Zhongguancun International Frontier Science and Technology Innovation Competition Finals, the Beijing Global Summit on Investment and the 2023 China Science Fiction Conference will also be held at the same time.

　　"This forum has both the exchange and collision of ideas and the intuitive experience of technical products; There are both the first release of major achievements and the signing of major projects. The purpose is to let the public fully feel the charm of scientific and technological innovation through zero-distance communication with high-level scientists and entrepreneurs. " Yu Yingjie, deputy mayor of Beijing, said, "We will practice the concept of doing good through science and technology at a new and higher starting point, and make the 2023 Zhongguancun Forum a scientific and technological event to promote global openness, innovation, cooperation and sharing."

　　Wind vane of industrial development: focus on frontier fields such as artificial intelligence and brain-computer interface.

　　The "Global Engineering Innovation Forum" invites presidents of multinational engineering institutes and well-known experts at home and abroad to discuss the major human needs and solutions to major problems of sustainable development; The "Brain-Computer Interface Innovation and Development Forum" focuses on frontier scientific issues and draws a blueprint for brain-computer interface technology and industrial innovation; For the first time, the "Women in Science and Technology Innovation Forum" was set up to show the cutting-edge science and technology "her strength" & HELIP; …

　　According to reports, this forum is closely related to the frontier of scientific and technological development, and will focus on frontier fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum science and brain-computer interface, discuss the trend of scientific and technological innovation, display the latest achievements, carry out project roadshows, discover and excavate a number of subversive technologies, and create a weather vane leading scientific and technological innovation and future industrial development.

　　As a highlight of Zhongguancun Forum, the key word of 2023 Zhongguancun Forum Exhibition (Expo) is also "frontier".

　　"Compared with previous years, the number of exhibitors this year is large and innovative." Yu Yingjie introduced that the exhibition gathers cutting-edge technology and future industries, with a total area of 27,000 square meters. More than 650 exhibitors at home and abroad will focus on the latest technological progress and major achievements in the fields of artificial intelligence, quantum information, brain science, cell and gene therapy, including many first-time exhibitions.

　　In the robot exhibition area, the audience can see the whole industrial chain products from core technologies and components such as chips and sensors to multifunctional robots; In the exhibition area of Meta-Universe, interactive experience can be carried out through VR, AR, wireless capture, etc. … …

　　Yu Yingjie said that this year’s exhibition strives to let the audience understand a field and be familiar with an industry while watching the exhibition in an immersive way. "In addition, we strengthen the concept of science and technology exhibition, introduce holographic projection, digital guidance and other technical means, and believe that we can bring an experience feast of cutting-edge technology to the audience."

　　National platform for global scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation: gathering wisdom for deepening open cooperation

　　In 2022, the number of invention patents per 10,000 people ranked first in China. In less than 5 minutes, a technology-based enterprise was born, and more than 300 multinational companies set up regional headquarters and R&D center in Zhongguancun … … Over the years, Beijing, especially Zhongguancun, has always been at the forefront of scientific and technological innovation, and the pattern of open cooperation has been continuously improved.

　　This year’s Zhongguancun Forum has further enhanced its international characteristics and elements, and increased its invitation to international scientific and technological organizations. International organizations such as the World Intellectual Property Organization will attend and hold 13 parallel forums. More than 120 international enterprises and institutions such as Siemens and Merck will attend the conference to introduce the latest scientific research achievements and cutting-edge technologies.

　　"Making Zhongguancun Forum a national platform for global scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation is a major decision made by the CPC Central Committee." Wu Zhaohui introduced that the organizers hope to make Zhongguancun Forum a platform for the presentation of major policies, the exchange of high-end talents, the display of important achievements and the collision of cutting-edge ideas.

　　"We look forward to meeting guests from all walks of life in Beijing, having in-depth exchanges and enhancing consensus, uniting wisdom for deepening international cooperation in scientific and technological innovation and opening up, and contributing to the prosperity and development of the global economy." Wu Zhaohui said.

　　Wu Zhaohui said that in the next step, the Ministry of Science and Technology, together with relevant ministries and commissions, will further implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, accelerate the formation of international science and technology innovation centers and regional science and technology innovation centers with their own characteristics and linkage, and turn international science and technology innovation centers including Beijing into major world science centers and innovative places in the future.

　　CCTV News:Induction cooker, also known as electromagnetic cooker, has the characteristics of small size, fast heating and no open flame, and has become one of the daily appliances used by thousands of households. However, the national supervision and spot check on the product quality of this product shows that it is such a household appliance with a very high penetration rate that four out of every ten products are unqualified.

　　Nearly 40% of electromagnetic stoves are unqualified.

　　The reporter learned from the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine that this year’s national supervision and spot check on the quality of electromagnetic stoves has ended, and the test results show that the quality problems of electromagnetic stoves produced in China are not optimistic at present.

　　Miao Yuchen, Director of Product Quality Supervision Department of AQSIQ:We organized a total of 48 batches of electromagnetic stoves produced by 48 enterprises in Guangdong, Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces to carry out national supervision and spot checks. After inspection, 19 batches of products were unqualified.

　　According to the statistics of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, in the first half of this year, the state supervised and spot-checked 41 kinds of products, mainly involving 2,674 batches of products in seven categories closely related to consumers, such as electronic appliances, daily use and textiles, building materials and light industry, of which 250 batches were unqualified, with an overall unqualified rate of 9.3%. However, 19 of the 48 batches of electromagnetic stove products in this spot check were unqualified, and the unqualified rate was as high as 39.6%, which was more than four times that of the products in the first half of the year supervised by the state. According to the reporter’s understanding, the electromagnetic stove has therefore become the product with the lowest qualified rate among the 41 products supervised and randomly selected by the state in the first half of this year.

　　Miao Yuchen, Director of Product Quality Supervision Department of AQSIQ:The problems found in spot checks involve abnormal work, energy efficiency grade, mechanical strength, electromagnetic compatibility and other items, among which the unqualified electromagnetic compatibility index is more prominent.

　　The National General Electronic Components and Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, located in China Saibao Laboratory, is one of the testing institutions that undertake the national pumping task of electromagnetic stoves. The reporter learned here that according to the relevant national standards and norms, the inspection items of electromagnetic stoves can be divided into three parts.

　　Chen Jun, Director of Home Appliances Room of Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:The first part is the electrical safety requirements of products, which are consistent with the testing standards of compulsory product certification in China and are the basic safety requirements of products. The second part is the energy efficiency grade of products, including thermal efficiency and standby power consumption, which is the basic energy efficiency requirement of induction cooker products in China. The third part is the electromagnetic compatibility of products, including terminal disturbance voltage and electromagnetic radiation disturbance.

　　Testers told reporters that the electrical safety, energy efficiency rating and electromagnetic compatibility of electromagnetic cookers actually cover 19 items such as protection against touching live parts, abnormal work, mechanical strength, energy efficiency rating and electromagnetic radiation disturbance. In this spot check, as many as seven items failed.

　　Then, what impact will these unqualified items have on consumers’ use of electromagnetic stoves? Will it harm the personal safety of users?

　　Some electromagnetic cookers can’t stand a slight bump.

　　During the investigation, the inspector told the reporter that for the electromagnetic cooker, which is a household appliance that must carry other items when it is used, the durability of the stressed microcrystalline panel is the basic requirement. The inspection item of mechanical strength is to specifically check whether the structure and shell of the electromagnetic stove can withstand the knock and impact that may occur during use.

　　Zhou Shuisheng, Electrical Appliance Room Engineer of Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:According to the national standard, we use this spring impact hammer to impact every weak position on the panel for three times, and the impact energy is 0.5 Joule, so it is required that the panel of the induction cooker cannot be damaged after the impact test.

　　The reporter noticed that during the inspection, this microcomputer-based induction cooker named BT220 produced by Zhongshan Pentium Electric Appliance Co., Ltd. had obvious cracks on the microcrystalline panel after three consecutive impacts. According to the inspector, the rupture of the microcrystalline panel of the electromagnetic stove not only affects the normal use, but also may cause personal injury to consumers, and even lead to the risk of electric shock.

　　Zhou Shuisheng, Electrical Appliance Room Engineer of Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:The panel of this induction cooker is cracked, resulting in many cracks. Then these cracks will destroy the overall insulation system of the induction cooker and reduce the safe distance between the human body and the live parts. Then the user may be scratched by the edges of these cracks in the induction cooker during the subsequent use, and may also get an electric shock, which is dangerous. According to the national standards, this induction cooker is a seriously unqualified product.

　　The reporter learned in the interview that in addition to safety, when most consumers buy electromagnetic stoves, the most important thing is whether to save electricity. Therefore, the grade of energy efficiency has become an important index to evaluate the quality of electromagnetic stoves.

　　Mo Yanting, Electrical Appliance Room Engineer, Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:All domestic electromagnetic cookers need to have china energy label. The energy efficiency label will classify the product’s energy efficiency level, in which the first level is the best and most energy-saving, and the third level is the most basic requirement.

　　According to professionals, according to the national mandatory standard "Limits and Levels of Energy Efficiency of Household Electromagnetic Cookers", the energy efficiency level includes two indicators: thermal efficiency and standby power. Thermal efficiency is a specific quantitative index for electromagnetic cookers to convert electric energy into effective thermal energy. For electromagnetic cookers with rated power greater than 1200W, thermal efficiency can be divided into three levels: not less than 90%, not less than 88% and not less than 86%. The higher the thermal efficiency, the higher the energy utilization rate, and the more energy-saving the product. The corresponding energy efficiency level is also higher.

　　Mo Yanting, Electrical Appliance Room Engineer, Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:Although the thermal efficiency is not the safety performance index that directly affects personal safety, such as electric shock prevention and fire prevention, it is closely related to the people’s money bags. Assuming that the electromagnetic stove at home consumes more electricity every time it heats a pot of water, the people will pay more money and cause unnecessary waste over time.

　　The virtual standard energy efficiency grade of a small number of electromagnetic stoves

　　Saving money and electricity affects the purchasing tendency of some consumers. Therefore, in order to cater to consumers’ psychology, some enterprises do not make efforts to improve product quality, but make up their minds on energy efficiency labeling, falsely marking product energy efficiency grades.

　　Mo Yanting, Electrical Appliance Room Engineer, Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:Among the 48 batches of electromagnetic stove products that we randomly selected this time, the energy efficiency grade of six batches of electromagnetic stoves failed to meet the requirements. One batch was standby power, which exceeded its specified value, while the other five batches failed to reach its nominal value of thermal efficiency. The most serious product was a product with a nominal thermal efficiency of 88%, while the measured thermal efficiency was only 85.1%. Can’t even reach the most basic level 3.

　　The reporter noticed that this product marked with energy efficiency grade 2, but the measured value can’t even reach grade 3, is an electromagnetic stove with the name of Suochi brand PS-22 produced by Guixiang Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province. The remaining five batches of products with unqualified energy efficiency grades are respectively labeled as:

　　HW-22 electromagnetic cooker produced by Hawang Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province;

　　An electromagnetic cooker of model YW20A-301 produced by Yongwang Electric Appliance Industry Co., Ltd. in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province;

　　The VK-20C80E electromagnetic cooker produced by Weiwang Daily Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., Foshan City, Guangdong Province;

　　SJ-20KB electromagnetic cooker produced by Guangdong Shiji Electric Appliance Industry Co., Ltd.;

　　DP22 electromagnetic cooker produced by dongfeng town Hamada Electric Appliance Factory, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province.

　　The virtual standard energy efficiency of electromagnetic stoves is mostly to cover up Jerry-building.

　　Professionals told reporters that the energy efficiency rating items of electromagnetic cookers are unqualified. On the surface, it seems that manufacturers falsely label product parameters, but in essence it covers up the bad behavior of some enterprises to cut corners in order to reduce production costs.

　　Mo Yanting, Electrical Appliance Room Engineer of China Saibao Laboratory:One of the factors that affect the thermal efficiency of electromagnetic cookers is the coil disk. In order to save costs, some manufacturers often have obvious differences in material selection. Now we can compare it. You see, this is a qualified product. Its coil disk has a thick wire diameter and a very close distance, so the heating effect of this coil disk is very good and energy-saving. Looking at another unqualified product in this spot check, we can see that its wire diameter is only half of that of the previous one, and the distance between the rollers is loose. You see that the tip of this screwdriver is going in, and the heating effect of this coil disk is relatively low. Next, let’s look at another one with worse thermal efficiency. This wire diameter is obviously thinner and the distance is looser, and the screwdriver can pass through it easily and casually. The thermal efficiency of such products is definitely not high, and it can’t meet the requirements of energy efficiency grade at all.

　　Whether it is the protection against touching live parts, the firmness of microcrystalline panels, or the coils that affect thermal efficiency, careful consumers can more or less see some tricks through careful observation. But for the electromagnetic cooker, there are some security risks, because of its special closed structure, which can neither be seen nor touched, so the potential harm is even greater. Continue to watch our program.

　　The annual output of electromagnetic cookers in China exceeds 30 million sets.

　　The reporter learned in the interview that the world’s first household electromagnetic stove was born in Germany in 1957 and entered China in the late 1980s. Because there are many advantages such as no open flame, no smoke and dust, easy to use and so on, the electromagnetic stove is quickly recognized by consumers. At present, there are more than 500 enterprises producing electromagnetic stoves in China, with an annual output of more than 30 million units.

　　Chen Jun, Director of Home Appliances Room of Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:At present, the industry of induction cookers is mainly concentrated in Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces, including Shunde and Zhongshan in Guangdong, where more than 80% of enterprises are located.

　　The rapid development of electromagnetic stoves has attracted the attention of relevant regulatory authorities, and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine has listed electromagnetic stoves as national supervision and spot check products for seven consecutive years. However, compared with the pass rate of spot checks in the past seven years, the reporter noticed an abnormal phenomenon, that is, the pass rate of national supervision and spot checks of electromagnetic stoves was not less than 80% for four consecutive years from 2011 to 2014, but by 2015, this value fell off a cliff and plummeted to 7.7%; After that, it rebounded slightly in 2016, accounting for 28.8%. The qualified rate of 48 samples selected this year was 60.4%. They are all electromagnetic cookers, but why does the qualified rate of national supervision and spot check on product quality fluctuate so much?

　　Miao Yuchen, Director of Product Quality Supervision Department of AQSIQ:In 2015, we added two indicators of electromagnetic compatibility and energy efficiency grade for the first time, and checked 78 batches of products, 72 of which were unqualified, so the main problem focused on electromagnetic compatibility.

　　 In the survey, professionals told reporters that almost all electrical equipment will send out electromagnetic harassment signals when working. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) means that when electrical equipment is working, the signals generated will neither interfere with other electrical equipment nor be interfered by other electrical equipment, so as to ensure that all equipment can work normally and be compatible with each other. For electromagnetic cookers, there are two kinds of electromagnetic disturbance signals: those transmitted to the power grid through power lines are called conduction disturbance, and those emitted through space are called radiation disturbance. In the standard, terminal disturbance voltage and electromagnetic radiation disturbance items are used to assess respectively.

　　Shao E, Engineer of EMC Room, Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:What is the essence of terminal disturbance voltage test? The induction cooker works, and when it works, your induction cooker takes electricity from the power grid. After work, some electromagnetic interference signals will be emitted to the power grid. This electromagnetic interference signal, it is all on the power grid. If your other electrical equipment, such as washing machine, air conditioner, TV set, all other electrical equipment and household electrical equipment, are hung on the power grid, you may receive the interference signal generated by the induction cooker, resulting in some faults. For example, it is possible that the washing machine just mentioned is interrupted and the TV set is short-circuited.

　　 The reporter saw in the laboratory that this logo is calledAn electromagnetic cooker of model YW20A-301 produced by Yongwang Electric Appliance Industry Co., Ltd., Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province.When testing, the terminal disturbance voltage obviously exceeds the limit specified by the national standard.

　　Shao E, Engineer of EMC Room, Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:The red line above represents a quasi-peak value limit stipulated by the national standard, the red line below is an average value limit stipulated by the national standard, and the blue line and pink line at the bottom are the results of our test of this sample, which respectively represent that the blue line is a peak value and the pink line is an average value. From this result, it can be seen that these frequency points have obviously exceeded the limit requirements stipulated by the national standard, so from this test result,

　　Some electromagnetic cookers are not designed properly.

　　The inspector told the reporter that the electromagnetic stove terminal disturbance voltage project was unqualified, mainly because the electromagnetic compatibility design of the product was unreasonable. The reporter noticed that as many as 17 of the 48 samples of the electromagnetic stove were unqualified in the terminal disturbance voltage test. This is also the highest unqualified item among all the 19 inspection items of the electromagnetic stove. Followed by another test item of electromagnetic compatibility: electromagnetic radiation disturbance, 14 unqualified samples, only 3 less than the unqualified number of terminal disturbance voltage test. Among them, the nominal name is:

　　Model J-C electromagnetic cooker produced by Jieliou Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province;

　　The electromagnetic cooker with the model IC-A2102 produced by Guangdong Taikoo Electric Technology Co., Ltd.;

　　The model SYG-22 electromagnetic cooker produced by Songyangge Electric Appliance Technology Co., Ltd., Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province13 batches of samples, such as electromagnetic compatibility, terminal disturbance voltage and electromagnetic radiation disturbance, were unqualified.

　　The failure rate of the two items of EMC inspection far exceeds that of other inspection items. Why?

　　With the further investigation, the reporter learned that before 2015, the two national mandatory standards, Safety of Household and Similar Electrical Appliances and Energy Efficiency Limits and Energy Efficiency Grades of Household Electromagnetic Cookers, which were the basis for electromagnetic cooker products testing, did not involve electromagnetic compatibility testing. In January, 2015, the national mandatory standard "Limits and Measurement Methods of Disturbance Characteristics of Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) RF Equipment" was officially implemented, which clearly stipulated that electromagnetic cookers, microwave ovens and other appliances were applicable to this standard, so the national supervision and spot check of electromagnetic cookers in that year included electromagnetic compatibility in the inspection scope for the first time. However, two years later, the reporter found that there are still many electromagnetic stove manufacturers who turn a blind eye to the EMC test of their products. In the investigation, the reporter noticed a detail. All the 48 samples in this spot check were marked as meeting the national use safety standards and energy efficiency standards, but none of the products were marked as meeting the national electromagnetic compatibility standards.

　　Chen Jun, Director of Home Appliances Room of China Saibao Laboratory:Some enterprises may not fully understand this requirement of electromagnetic compatibility, and think that it is not a requirement of compulsory certification of this product, so they do not produce products according to this standard, which leads to the product not meeting the requirements.

　　Professionals believe that electromagnetic cookers are products in China’s 3C compulsory certification catalogue, that is to say, 3C certification is the basic threshold for electromagnetic cookers to go on sale. In view of the fact that manufacturers generally ignore EMC projects at present, it is suggested that relevant departments revise the implementation rules of 3C certification of electromagnetic stove products in time, and bring the national standards related to electromagnetic compatibility into the scope of 3C certification, so as to promote enterprises to better understand and implement the standards and further improve product quality.

　　Experts said that the radiation power of induction cooker mainly depends on the leakage value of electromagnetic wave of induction cooker, and the greater the leakage, the greater the impact on users. Although there is no sufficient factual basis to prove that the radiation of induction cooker is harmful to human body, it is obvious that the lower the electromagnetic leakage level, the better the safety of products with lower radiation disturbance level. Therefore, it is safe and reliable for consumers to choose to buy induction cooker products that meet national standards.

　　(CCTV reporter Wang Jun)

　　The reference news network reported on September 18. On September 15th, the website of Austrian Standard published an article entitled "China relies on high technology as a new driving force for growth" by Eric Frey. The article is excerpted as follows:

　　China’s economic strength is considered by many to be equal to that of Europe as a whole. Although some economic models that have made China a great success in the past 20 years are rarely mentioned now, this does not mean the end of China’s success story.

　　Eduardo Morcillo, an expert on China at InterChina Investment Consulting, said in an interview with this newspaper that because China has developed new advantages in the past few years, it will continue to grow in the next few years. China’s present and future economic development pays more attention to quality rather than speed.

　　"In recent years, China’s leaders have spent a lot of money on improving productivity, developing unprecedented cutting-edge technologies and opening up new markets. China people firmly believe that compared with other countries in the world, they have a competitive advantage: excellent infrastructure ahead of other countries and extensive and skilled use of big data. "

　　Morcillo pointed out that almost all villages in China have achieved network coverage, and 95% of the population have become active data users through daily use of smart phones. Because of its irreplaceable advantages in the use of big data, China has acquired this most important "raw material" in the 21st century. Morcillo said: "This will become an important driving force for China’s economy before 2040."

　　At the same time, the middle-income group in China has now reached 400 million, making it the largest middle-income group in the world. The consumption demand of this huge group will ensure the sustainable development of China’s economy.

　　Morcillo, who has been studying China for more than 20 years, believes that China has made many efforts to make its economic development model healthier in the past decade. In order to resist the adverse effects of the world financial crisis in 2008, the national and private debts that have greatly increased have been reduced, and even during the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic, the possibility of financial risks has not increased.

　　In his view, other pillars of China’s new economic strategy are green technology, especially renewable energy and electric vehicles, artificial intelligence and automation. With the support of excellent universities and high investment in scientific research, China’s economy also has good opportunities for development in these fields.

　　Morcillo estimated that although there are trade frictions between China and some western countries, China’s exports will not be damaged. China is the top three trading partner of 90% countries in the world and the global market leader of more than 100 commodity categories.

　　Morcillo commented: "Abandoning China will cause great losses to these countries. At the moment of fighting inflation, decoupling from China is the last thing people want to do. "

　　The picture shows that this is an unmanned sweeping car shot in the outdoor exhibition area of the 2022 World Intelligent Networked Automobile Conference on September 16th. (photo by Ren Chao)