Focus on artificial intelligence development planning: the establishment of the first batch of four national innovation platforms

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 23rd: Fifteen ministries and commissions joined forces to establish the first batch of four national innovation platforms — — Focus on the development planning of China’s new generation of artificial intelligence

  Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporters Chen Fang and Liu Hongyu

  A few days ago, China announced that the new generation of artificial intelligence development plan has been fully implemented, and it will take 13 years to make China a major artificial intelligence innovation center in the world.

  How is the development of a new generation of artificial intelligence laid out? Who will lead? How to break through? Xinhua Viewpoint reporter interviewed the authoritative department and presented the development plan exclusively.

  15 ministries and commissions work together to build a national expert database.

  In 2016, the global technology giant’s investment in artificial intelligence has reached 30 billion US dollars, and attaching importance to artificial intelligence has become a global consensus. Compared with the world’s leading countries, China’s artificial intelligence has achieved important breakthroughs in core technologies in some fields, but it still lacks major original achievements, and there is a big gap in basic theories, core algorithms, key equipment and high-end chips.

  How is the development of a new generation of artificial intelligence laid out? Wan Gang, Minister of Science and Technology, said: "The development of a new generation of artificial intelligence is a strategic collaboration at the national level."

  — — 15 ministries and commissions formed a joint force. A new generation of artificial intelligence development planning promotion office, consisting of 15 departments, including Ministry of Science and Technology, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academy of Engineering, Science and Technology Committee of Military Commission, and China Association for Science and Technology, came into being, focusing on promoting the overall layout of projects, bases and talents.

  At the same time, build a national expert database. A new generation of artificial intelligence strategic advisory committee headed by Academician Pan Yunhe, including 27 top experts including Academician Chen Chun, Academician Li Wei and Academician Gao Wen, was also announced.

  "Gather collective wisdom from a forward-looking perspective, conduct substantive and potential research on some major issues of artificial intelligence, and provide further consultation and evaluation for major decisions of artificial intelligence at the national level." Pan Yunhe, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and head of the strategic advisory committee, said.

  — — The two attributes are highly integrated. "Grasp the characteristics of high integration of artificial intelligence technology attributes and social attributes, and give full play to the important role of the government in planning guidance and policy support." Wan Gang told a story, "Many foreigners asked me curiously, how did you get the fourth generation of mobile communication? They feel very confused. I said it’s very simple. We have been doing pilot projects since the World Expo, and then we have experimental areas in Hangzhou and Guangzhou. When the experience matures, we will engage in dozens of cities. Finally, the experimental area covers almost all areas. Isn’t this solved? "

  — — Open up six "runways" The development plan of a new generation of artificial intelligence has defined six tasks: building an open and collaborative artificial intelligence scientific and technological innovation system, building a safe and convenient intelligent society, building a safe and efficient intelligent infrastructure system, strengthening the integration of defense and civilian technologies in the field of artificial intelligence, cultivating a high-end and efficient intelligent economy, and prospectively laying out major scientific and technological projects of a new generation of artificial intelligence.

  Pan Yunhe said that in the past, there was only one runway at the technical level, and the new generation of artificial intelligence development plan added five runways to the original runway, which expanded the development space of artificial intelligence.

  Telly, director of the High-tech Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology, said that the major scientific and technological projects of the new generation of artificial intelligence choose five main directions: big data intelligence, cross-media intelligence, swarm intelligence, hybrid enhanced intelligence and autonomous intelligence system, and carry out systematic and forward-looking task layout from four levels: basic theory, supporting system, key technology and innovative application.

  Determine the first batch of four national new generation artificial intelligence open innovation platforms.

  After full investigation and demonstration, the first batch of national new-generation artificial intelligence open innovation platforms were determined: relying on Baidu, Alibaba Cloud, Tencent and Iflytek respectively, four national new-generation artificial intelligence open innovation platforms were built, including autonomous driving, urban brain, medical imaging and intelligent voice.

  "In these four areas, China has been at the forefront of the world." Wang Zhigang, Party Secretary and Vice Minister of the Ministry of Science and Technology, said that we should speed up the implementation of major scientific and technological projects of the new generation of artificial intelligence and make breakthroughs in basic frontier fields as soon as possible. The open innovation platform will play a greater role in gathering innovative resources and promoting the sharing of innovation.

  Six years ago, Iflytek launched the world’s first voice cloud open platform. At present, the daily processing times of the platform reach 4 billion times. "China is already an international leader in speech synthesis." Hu Yu, vice president of Iflytek, said.

  In recent years, Iflytek has also carried out innovative cooperation with the public security system. Tests conducted in Anhui in 2016 showed that the accuracy of artificial intelligence in judging fraudulent calls was extremely high; Artificial intelligence also acts as a court clerk. After testing, intelligent speech recognition participated in the trial and achieved practical results, and the trial duration was shortened by 30%.

  "Let innovation have a real impact and create real value." Hua Xiansheng, vice president of Alibaba, said that the goal of the urban brain is to build a sharing platform that mainly opens the application layer of computing data based on the comprehensive technologies of artificial intelligence, big data and cloud computing, and build an open future ecosystem for intelligent applications in urban administration, public services and other industries.

  Tommy, Vice Minister of Science and Technology, said that the implementation period of major scientific and technological projects of the new generation of artificial intelligence will be 2030, and this announcement is only the first batch, and it will continue to be expanded according to the needs of planning and project implementation in the future.

  "The new focus of international competition is new competition in deep learning, cross-border integration, man-machine collaboration and group intelligence." Wan Gang said.

  Sharing achievements and realizing innovation in collision

  A breakthrough in the development of a new generation of artificial intelligence requires a new development concept. Experts believe that the opening of swarm intelligence will become a new feature of the development of a new generation of artificial intelligence.

  In July this year, Baidu officially opened the "Apollo" autopilot platform, with more than 70 partners from all over the world. "Apollo Project" aims to provide an open, complete and safe open innovation platform for partners in the automotive industry and autonomous driving field, and gather the strength of many participants to jointly promote the development of autonomous driving technology.

  "It is an open source system and the largest autonomous driving ecosystem in the world." Wu Xuebin, vice president of Baidu, said that Baidu will invest 10 billion yuan to support 100 start-ups in the future, making it an open innovation platform for national-level autopilot systems with world-class level.

  The reporter learned that when Tencent Artificial Intelligence Laboratory was established last year, it combined comprehensive basic research with rapid technology application, and gathered more than 70 first-class scientists at home and abroad and more than 300 experienced engineers.

  "Tencent’s AI medical products ‘ Tencent seeks the shadow ’ The accuracy of finding early esophageal cancer has been greatly improved. " Liu Yongsheng, general manager of Tencent’s artificial intelligence laboratory, said that enterprises sharing research and application results will rapidly promote technological iteration and enable traditional industries such as medical care to generate new kinetic energy.

  "Strengthen open source and policy guidance, and build an open and collaborative artificial intelligence technology innovation body." Wan Gang said, "In the past, we often said that experiments were based on meditation and inspiration. Now it is different. It is necessary to turn meditation into brainstorming and stimulate innovative inspiration in the collision of academic exchanges."

Dialect is the "big killer" for adding color to novels.

Because of these dialect writing, novels in different regions have different faces, different voices, or Wunong soft language, or Shaanxi dialect Jin language, abandoning the one side of thousands of people and different regions, thus having different tastes.

Reporter | He Yingyu

  Dialect is the soul of a place.
  Blossoms Shanghai introduced the Shanghainese dialect into the text, and the words and deeds of Shanghainese jumped from the page. In fact, as early as before Blossoms Shanghai, in the late Qing Dynasty, novels such as Biography of Flowers on the Sea and He Dian had incorporated Wu dialect into their novels, making their novels more agile and more life-like. This tradition was once forgotten by people until the publication of Blossoms Shanghai, and the new territory of Wu novels was continued.
  Dialect writing is certainly not a patent in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai postal areas. Writers in northwest China, Sichuan and Yunnan are also keenly aware that the dialect in their hometown is a great killer, and it can add a lot of color to the novel if used well.
  What local characteristics does dialect writing bring to the novel? Because of these dialect writing, novels in different regions have different faces, different voices, or Wunong soft language, or Shaanxi dialect Jin language, abandoning the one side of thousands of people and different regions, thus having different tastes.

China’s First Dialect Novel

Left: Han Bangqing’s Biography of Flowers on the Sea is the first dialect novel. Right: One of Li Jieren’s "trilogy of river novels": "A stagnant water ripples".
  Biographies of Flowers on the Sea written by Han Bangqing in the late Qing Dynasty is China’s first dialect novel. It was originally called Spring and Autumn of the Flower Country, also known as Drawing a Treasure Mirror of a Brothel, and Drawing the Romance of a Brothel on the Sea. The book has 64 chapters and was first published in 1894. The main content of this novel is to write about the brothel life in Shanghai Shili Foreign Market in the late Qing Dynasty, involving the officialdom, business circles and the social level connected with it. When Han Bangqing wrote this novel, he said, "This book was written for exhortation". In the book, many vivid images of prostitutes and clients were portrayed by the experience of Zhao Puzhai’s family. The dialogues of the characters in the book are all in Suzhou dialect, which is lively and creates a precedent for dialect novels. Zhang Ailing loves this book very much. She once translated it into English and Mandarin, and the Mandarin version was renamed Flowers on the Sea, which is divided into two parts: Flowers on the Sea and Flowers on the Sea. Zhang Ailing also said: "The Marriage of Awakening the World and Flowers on the Sea are both the best realistic works. I often feel unfair for them, and I always feel that they should be world masterpieces. " It can be said that it is a very high evaluation.
  Hu Shi believes that Su Bai’s literature originated in the Ming Dynasty, but Su Bai is in a subordinate position, whether it is the role of speaking Bai in legend or singing Bai in Tanci. It was not until Biography of Flowers on the Sea was born that Su Bai was widely used in the book. Since then, Su Bai’s subordinate position has changed, and Su Bai literature was formally established. Hu Shi said: "Flowers on the Sea is the first masterpiece of Wu literature. The formal establishment of Su Bai’s literature starts with Flowers on the Sea. Han Ziyun and his Biography of Flowers on the Sea have really opened up a new situation for China literature. I hope they (Wu-speaking literati) will continue to develop this mature trend of Wu-speaking literature. The victory of Flowers on the Sea is not only the author’s personal victory, but also the victory of the movement of Wu literature. "
  After Biography of Flowers on the Sea, Wu novels frequently appeared. Although Biography of Flowers on the Sea is "the first masterpiece of Wu literature", it is considered as a "lost masterpiece", that is, Hu Shi only dares to make a conclusion that "the literary value has finally attracted the appreciation and imitation of a few scholars". The achievement of Biography of Flowers on the Sea is not only that "the work of writing Su Bai greatly reduces the difficulty for later generations to write Su Bai literature", but also that its unique bilingual system takes Mandarin as the narrative language and dialect as the dialogue of characters, which combines the vivid description of Mandarin with the vivid description of people in dialects in one book, which has both advantages and disadvantages, thus causing the later scholars to follow suit, setting off the climax of Wu Yu novels in the late Qing Dynasty, and determining the basic features of Wu Yu novels involving many narrow evils. In addition, the word "shou" created by Biography of Flowers on the Sea has been used up to now and has been included in the dictionary of Wu dialect, which is also a great contribution of Biography of Flowers on the Sea to Wu literature.

The representative of Sichuan local literature

  Some people say that Li Jieren’s novels must be read in Sichuan dialect.
  As a representative of Sichuan local literature, Li Jieren "lives in a humble abode" between Bashan and Shushui, and depicts the warmth and coldness of human feelings in the land of abundance with simple Sichuan dialect and unique narrative style. From the time he published his first literary work at the age of 21 to his death at the age of 71, Li Jieren published four novels, four novellas and more than 30 short stories, and also wrote plays and a large number of local chronicles. Except for the novella Sympathy, which describes French students studying abroad, almost all his works are based on Bashu, describing Bashu social customs, telling stories of Bashu people and showing Bashu cultural interests with dialect vocabulary.
  From 1935 to 1937, Li Jieren published "Trilogy of River Novels", including "Stagnant Water", "Before the Storm" and "Big Wave", which left a deep impression in the history of China literature. It is worth mentioning that among these popular works, Sichuan dialect is a highlight. Li Jieren is the first writer of Sichuan vernacular novels, and his novels use more Sichuan dialect words, which is groundbreaking. Li Jieren’s innovation lies in consciously describing Chengdu people and Chengdu stories in Sichuan dialect.
  There are many words in Sichuan dialect that are divorced from classical Chinese. Li Jieren skillfully transplanted Sichuan dialect into literary creation, which is full of charm and refreshing. These words, which are closely related to the daily life of Bashu, describe a scene full of life flavor to readers. Dialect words such as Youda (meat dishes), Chongkezi (chatting) and Maozi (being assassinated) are often found in his works. In addition, Li Jieren is even familiar with Sichuan Paoge’s slang, such as opening Hongshan (killing people at random), helping others (helping others), fat pig (kidnapped people), rising water (critical situation), etc., which is used more when describing specific characters, bringing readers into the Jianghu world of Bashu.
  Li Jieren naturally knows the difference between foreign language and native language, but it is strange that he chose the most native dialect in his writing. In fact, this shows his language consciousness. Li Jieren dabbled in Sichuan local and historical themes, and he chose to write in Sichuan dialect, which has a unique charm in characterization and story telling. Dialect writing is vivid, lively and thorough. Reading Li Jieren’s novels often amazes him for his proper use of Sichuan dialect, which can be described as delicious and wonderful, but not in another language. In fact, Li Jieren also kept the most vivid Sichuan dialect in his works, and gave literature a spiritual and free soil to prevent it from being eroded by normative language. This is not narrow-mindedness, but a contribution to literature.

Shaanxi dialect is simple and heavy.

  Shaanxi dialect is simple and heavy, such as Chen Zhongshi’s White Deer Plain, Jia Pingwa’s Shaanxi Opera and Chen Yan’s novel The Protagonist, which is an open writing based on life and tradition, drawing materials and nutrition from life and the smallest livelihood.
  "White Deer Plain" is all about people and things in Guanzhong, so the author chooses to use a large number of Guanzhong dialects. For example, say "dark room" at night, the house is called "mansion house", and the afternoon is called "afternoon". These languages with Shaanxi characteristics have become the finishing touch in White Deer Plain, which is impressive.
  Similarly, Jia Pingwa grew up in Shangluo area, and his growing environment deeply influenced his language expression, which fully reflected the strong emotional color in Jia Pingwa’s language works. A large number of localized languages-Shangluo dialect were used in the creation of Qinqiang Opera. Shangluo dialect belongs to northern dialect in essence, which is very similar to Mandarin in expression and can arouse readers’ emotional resonance. In addition to using a large number of Shangluo languages, a large number of proverbs and sayings are also used in the creation of this work, which plays a very important role in expressing the profound connotation of the work. For example, "What I hate most is winter. People are not alive in their hearts, but they are cold. I only have to lift stones in Qiligou with my head stuffy." "You are used to listening to the Qin opera in the tweeter, and sometimes you feel bored, but once you can’t hear it, your heart is empty and you feel lonely in your ears and mouth." Among them, "accepting life" means comfortable and comfortable in the local people, and "few" means little and tasteless. These words scattered among the people seem to be "rustic", but with the author’s flexible application, they are endowed with new vitality and vitality, which can make readers fully feel the quaint and civilized language of the works and enhance the vitality of the articles.
Above: Chen Yan and his novel The Protagonist written in Shaanxi dialect.
  In 2019, the winners of the 10th Mao Dun Literature Prize were announced, and the work "The Protagonist" by Shaanxi writer Chen Yan was on the list. This book is based on the memory of Qin E’s half-life acting career, involving the vast sentient beings’ mode and the changes of the times since the reform and opening up 40 years ago, and showing the true appearance of "human" in the interlacing of life and traditional culture, society and individual.
  The protagonist is also praised by the Shaanxi dialect in the dialogue of the characters:
  "Singing in an opera is to see how your kung fu and voice are, not how you dress. Even if you dress up in a glazed leather palm, what’s the use of lifting your feet to make a cold skin and opening your mouth to make a pack of cigarettes? "
  "A ditch knows that you are doing well in the provincial capital and have great fame. That fame is the door and the way. Even the people who can’t compete with you in the group have made a windfall and bought a Rolls Royce. If you want to make a fortune, don’t be sloppy. "
  Talking about the characteristics of Shaanxi dialect in the novel, Chen Yan told reporters: "Now our novel writing is more in the language of translation. After urbanization, there are fewer and fewer rural memories and regional cultural memories. We look at China’s traditional novels, whether it’s Jin Ping Mei, A Dream of Red Mansions or Water Margin The Journey to the West, and there are many local dialects that we don’t understand today, so we need experts to annotate them. But even if we can’t understand them at once, when we try to figure out the meaning of these words, we will find them very wonderful. I am rereading Four Great Classical Novels again this year, and I have been thinking about the language repeatedly. It should be said that there are many languages with regional and national characteristics, which are very interesting to read. When I write about Sanqin culture, I must use the local dialect. I think language is the biggest feature of a place, just like a traditional opera, if it doesn’t use dialects, this kind of drama will not exist. Now some troupes are exploring, and it is suicide to call it that kind of drama in Mandarin. The same is true of novels. I want to pursue the aesthetics of China, the nation and the traditional literature of China, and always have some characteristics in language. If I follow the crowd, the novel will be tasteless to read. The use of dialect slang in novels is a good tradition. When we read such classics as Water Margin, we often marvel at those vivid dialects. In my novel and drama creation, I always insist on salvaging some local dialects and proverbs that are about to be lost. I think it will be more appropriate to write about which side of the country, water, soil and people, and to express it in which side’s language and habits. The language of novels must be vivid and vivid,It should be more like talking, a narrative style that sticks to the land. "

Witchcraft in Yunnan

  In 2023, Xinxing Publishing House published a collection of short stories by young writer Jiao Dian, Peacock Bodhi.
Above: Young writer Jiao Dian’s masterpiece Peacock Bodhi has a strong breath of Yunnan rainforest.
  In the gap between cities, there is a large rainforest. One foot in, here the elephant is light, the crocodile is merciful, and time breaks free from linear rules and flows at will. There is really a six-legged horse here, and there is a relic in the horseshoe, which flies to the sky when riding; There is a Mulan boat here, and there is no need to prepare paddles. Half a cup of rice wine is drunk and floats far along the river. Even if you break your leg and walk for two moons in a wooden wheelchair, you can return to your home in the Woods. Of course there are women here. They can understand the rainforest, and they are too smart and brave. I can’t control anyone, whether riding a horse or riding a boat. As long as my legs are still in my body, they will definitely run …
  Turning to Jiao Dian’s Peacock Bodhi, Yunnan Rainforest is in sight. Born in Jiaodian, Yunnan Province in 1996, he was admitted to Beijing Normal University in 2021, majoring in literary creation, and studied under the famous writer Mo Yan. However, her writing seems to have nothing to do with her teacher. Her writing is her writing, coming from Yunnan, her hometown.
  Jiao Dian’s writing has always been like "Suni" or "Bimo" in her hometown of Yunnan (Yi people refer to witches or priests), trying to "channel" in that "frontier" world. She said that she never took the initiative to "choose" Yunnan as the location of the story. It was Yunnan that chose her and Yunnan came to her with its breath and story.
  When talking about the use of dialects, Jiao Dian told reporters: "Our generation is actually a generation of Putonghua, and the popularity of Putonghua is absolutely good in all aspects. But for literature,’ standard’,’ common’ and’ same’ are just some taboos. This does not mean that we should go back to the ancients and speak with the ancient accent, nor do we mean that we should only speak dialects and engage in the mountainism of language. The fundamental direction should be the free expression of words and things, which is a free spirit. Of course, in specific works, excessive and too crude use of dialects will bring obstacles to reading, so it is necessary to change, not to use local dialects and dialects directly, but to use classical vernacular and dialects on the basis of written common language and Putonghua. What I hope is that even if I am not from Yunnan or Southwest, it will not affect the reading of novels. In this respect, I need to continue to improve. "
  Jiao Dian believes that it is not so much a writing style for Yunnan that it is better to say that Yunnan’s local conditions have allocated these characters. Some people think that her writing is very poetic, and she thinks that this is the mountain road in Yunnan. When she was walking, a sharp corner suddenly appeared, and then there was a big turn. Suddenly she met a deep and wide cave, threw a stone into it, and heard an echo after a long time. The strangeness of natural scenery is the strangeness of words.
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"Our childhood is different" —— On the changes of children’s life in the 21st century

In the 21st century, China has rushed to the front of the locomotive of science and technology and entered the stage of rapid development.Children are the flowers of the motherland, and the changes of the times and the development of the motherland also change their growing environment.For more than 20 years from the Millennium to the present, the economic level has developed rapidly, and science and technology have been constantly innovated. The countless conveniences and problems that followed have also been projected in children’s childhood life. Over the past 20 years, we have gone from promoting the popularization of education to advocating reducing the burden of education, from worrying about children’s malnutrition to having to face the increasingly serious obesity problem. At the same time, countless questions have been thrown out-do children need cram schools? How should children use the Internet scientifically?How can children have a healthy and happy childhood?

We will focus on the changes in all aspects of children’s lives since the 21st century, find the gratifying development trend, analyze the exposed problems and put forward our suggestions.

I. Education

1. Compulsory education

A century-long plan, education-oriented. China began to implement compulsory education in 1986. In the 21st century, the popularity of education in China has been greatly improved. The enrollment rate of primary school-age children has remained above 99%, while the enrollment rate of primary schools has stabilized at around 98%.Reach the standard of universal compulsory education.

In the process of promoting the implementation and balanced development of compulsory education, all localities are actively adjusting the layout of primary and secondary schools, especially standardizing the layout of rural primary and secondary schools, reducing the number of primary schools and improving the quality of teaching.

Because of the decline in birth rate, the number of primary school students is declining.From 2001 to 2013, the decline rate was as high as 25.4%, and the number of students has rebounded since then. The number of primary schools decreased from 491,300 in 2001 to 160,100 in 2019, with a drop of 67.4%, much higher than the decline in the number of students.

At the same time, the quality of the teaching staff has been continuously improved, the teacher-student ratio has increased significantly, and the national education funding has increased synchronously with the economic development. All changes have proved that,China has entered a new stage of promoting the balanced development of compulsory education and promoting educational equity. The state attaches great importance to basic education and strives to give children a better education so that every child can enter the hall of knowledge.

Step 2 read

Books are the ladder of human progress. In the initial stage of life, reading more books and reading good books are conducive to children’s moral education, enlightenment and history.

Since the 21st century, the number and types of children’s books in China have increased by spurt, and it is no longer hard to find a book.In 2001, there were 7,255 kinds of children’s books, but in 2019, there were 43,712 kinds, about five times as many as in 2001. At present, China publishes more than 40,000 kinds of children’s books every year.The total publishing volume ranks first in the world and has reached a rich enough level.Children in the new century have more reading choices and can draw spiritual food at any time.

In 2009, the "National Reading Survey Report" included "the reading status of minors under the age of 18" in the survey scope for the first time. Comparing the two reports in 2009 and 2019, which were separated by 10 years, we can find that the number of minors aged 0-17 in China.The reading volume and reading rate of books have been greatly improved.. The reading volume of children aged 0-8 increased the most, from 3.85 to 9.54 books per year.Behind the growth of children’s reading figures, school guidance and family companionship are indispensable.

The reading situation of teenagers indicates the future civilization and ideological thickness of a nation to a certain extent.. In this era surrounded by electronic devices, it is necessary for creators and publishers to publish more high-quality books, parents and schools to guide children to develop good reading habits, and the whole society to create a good reading atmosphere.

Since the founding of New China 70 years ago, the strategic position of giving priority to the development of education in China has been gradually strengthened. Facing the new era, we expect China education to lead the realization of the goal of "two hundred years" and realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Following the development trend of the times, China has been constantly rebuilding, adjusting and reforming the educational mechanism and system, independently exploring China’s educational model, and striving to create a better learning environment for every child and help them grow up.

Second, health

With the arrival of the new century, the flowers of the motherland have taken on a new look.The morphological development level of primary and middle school students in urban and rural areas in China has been continuously improved, and the health problems such as malnutrition that have plagued children in China for decades have been greatly improved, and the physical fitness and health status of Chinese students have generally improved. But at the same time, the worrying obesity rate, myopia rate and lack of sleep time are also increasing.

Step 1 change for the better

Over the past 20 years, the level of morphological development of primary and middle school students in urban and rural areas in China has been continuously improved.At the same time, children’s physiological development has changed, such as accelerated growth rate, improved growth level and early puberty development, especially in urban children. With the development of economy, the improvement of diet level and the change of concept in the new era, the variety of food on children’s table is more abundant.Malnutrition, which has plagued children in China for decades, has greatly improved.

"Civilization of its spirit, barbarism of its body."It has always been the goal pursued by school education. According to the results of previous national surveys on students’ physique and health released by the Ministry of Education, students’ physique and health in China have generally improved. In 2019, the excellent and good rate of students aged 6-22 nationwide reached 23.8%, which was significantly higher than in previous years. At the same time, the level of students’ vital capacity has risen in an all-round way, and the quality of primary and secondary school students’ flexibility, strength, speed and endurance has improved.

In recent 20 years, the improvement of students’ physique and health level is attributed to the joint action of economic development, policy guidance and home-school coordination.

2. There are still problems

Due to the profound changes in the dietary structure and lifestyle of children and adolescents in recent years, coupled with the heavy academic burden and the popularity of electronic products,The rate of overweight and obesity among children in China is rising rapidly, which has become an important public health problem threatening the physical and mental health of children in China.

At the same time,The myopia rate of children in China is also the highest in the world for a long time. The formation of "a big country with glasses" cannot be ignored.In recent years, the detection rate of poor eyesight among primary and middle school students in China remains high. From 2000 to 2014, the detection rate of poor eyesight in all age groups has increased, and it shows a trend of increasing with age. The main reasons for the rising incidence of myopia among teenagers are premature contact with electronic products in infancy, early time for teenagers to "touch the internet", increased time for using electronic products, and insufficient time for sleep and exercise.The key age stages of myopia prevention and control are kindergartens and primary schools.

In view of the increasingly serious situation of myopia among adolescents, the Ministry of Education, the Health and Health Commission and other departments attach great importance to the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents, and cooperate with many parties to promote related work, and have achieved certain results.In 2020, the overall myopia rate of children and adolescents in China is 52.7%, which is 0.9 percentage points lower than that in 2018, basically achieving the prevention and control goal of the Comprehensive Prevention and Control Plan for Myopia of Children and Adolescents, which is 0.5 percentage points lower every year.However, there is still a long way to go to get rid of the "myopic country" hat.

Since the new century, the social emphasis on education has invisibly increased the learning pressure for children.In the new century, children’s learning burden is heavier, sleep time is reduced, and homework time is seriously exceeded.

To this end, the state also attaches great importance to and tries to solve it.From 2004, when the Ministry of Education officially put forward the policy of "reducing the burden" to 2021, how to reduce the burden without reducing the quality has always been a hot issue in society.

Since the 1990s, China has formulated a series of policies to reduce the burden, but studentsThe school time shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, which seems to reflect the game between increasingly fierce educational competition and burden reduction.

At the same time, the school has lightened students’ schoolwork burden, and parents have added a new burden to their children after class. In addition to the homework that must be completed in class, the time spent by children on extracurricular tutoring has increased greatly, and extracurricular learning and tutoring have come from behind and become the main burden for students. Comparing the time for children to finish homework with the length of sleep, it is not difficult to find that,After-school study has seriously squeezed the sleep time of children..

Children’s health is an important cornerstone of national health. Since the beginning of the 21st century, children’s growing environment has changed dramatically. While some chronic diseases have been solved, new problems have emerged. The state has been paying close attention to children’s health status, and timely issued guiding policies and opinions to protect children’s healthy growth.

Third, entertainment

Every child’s most hopeful moment should be when the school bell rings. It was the most carefree time, whether it was playing with friends in twos and threes after school, lingering in a snack bar filled with snacks, or trying the Internet in a novel way … The entertainment time in childhood will definitely leave traces in children’s hearts.

1. Internet

After the Millennium, children met the wave of internet popularization.In 1994, the Internet was connected to China, and then it developed with irresistible momentum. From 2002 to 2020, the number of netizens in China increased from 59 million to 989 million, and the internet penetration rate increased from 4.6% to 70.4%, especially in the two time periods of 2006-2010 and 2015-2020.

The constantly updated electronic equipment provides more options for their after-school entertainment.The Internet and electronic equipment have left a strong impression in the post-00′ s life and reflected the characteristics of the times.

In 2010, the Internet penetration rate in China has just exceeded 1/3, and children have little access to the Internet. At that time, only 13.5% of children were under the age of 6, while as many as 43.7% opened the door to the information world after the age of 10. Ten years later, the situation has changed dramatically. The proportion of children under the age of 6 who touch the internet has doubled, while the number of people who use the internet after the age of 10 has been greatly reduced to 13.6%. This shows that most "post-00" students skillfully shuttled between major websites as early as primary school.

Internet has become an inseparable part of children’s lives, and the problem of how to guide minors to use the Internet scientifically is also in front of everyone.Thanks to the joint efforts of the state, schools and parents, the entertainment function of the Internet has weakened in recent years, while the educational function has been significantly enhanced, and online education has developed rapidly during the epidemic. At the same time, in the new era, children’s single online time is becoming more and more reasonable, but the online frequency is greatly increased and the overall online time is prolonged.More scientific and technological inventions in the future will also bring about changes in children’s lifestyles. How to foster strengths and avoid weaknesses and use them scientifically? The general trend of the times gives the direction.

2. pocket money

Every child has a treasure-piggy bank.With the development of economy, the consumption level of children in China has also improved obviously, and children’s wallets are "bulging" day by day.

However, the increase in the amount of discretionary money does not seem to have caused children to fall into a frenzy of consumption. From 2005 to 2015, except for the snack consumption, which increased by 2%, other consumption showed a downward trend.Children in the new era have a strong sense of saving.51.5% people have made the choice of saving money, and the proportion has been soaring in recent years. In contrast, only 16.6% of the "post-90 s" children choose to save pocket money. Although "post-00" people’s awareness of deposit has increased, their awareness of donation has declined.This shows that with the development of the times, children’s self-awareness and individual awareness are constantly strengthened. How to help children establish a correct view of money and cultivate the values of "everyone for me and I for everyone" still needs further efforts.

Since the reform and opening up, children’s social environment has been actively improved and optimized, but there are still many problems, especially in children’s recreational life, which plays an important and special role in children’s growth. Science and technology are changing with each passing day, and policies should also keep up with the ever-changing reality.The mixed voice of appeals, cheers and controversies urges us to sum up past experience and study the current situation in order to have a better future.

The children’s development policy formulated by the national government is the policy and code of action to promote children’s development, which determines the direction of children’s development in a country.In the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children, the United Nations pointed out: "The happiness of children needs a higher level of policy action."

China government attaches great importance to children’s survival, health and development, pays close attention to the constantly developing actual situation and emerging new problems, improves children’s policies with the times, and formulates forward-looking national policies to promote the development of children’s cause. Through the actions of the government and society, the basic system and action system for protecting children’s rights have been established. From the education problems of hundreds of millions of children to myopia and internet addiction prevention, the state has propped up a huge "umbrella" for all aspects of children’s lives, protecting the seedlings of the motherland from growing sturdily.

Basic education has been fully popularized, but excessive training has also brought a heavy burden. The rapid development of the Internet has changed the traditional way of learning and entertainment, and contributed a large number of diverse cultural resources. However, like Pandora’s box, it has also caused many problems such as "Internet addiction" and "myopia rate". Education, diet, electronic equipment …All aspects of rapid development allow children to enjoy abundant material conditions that children have never had before, and also create conditions for them to fully release their potential, so that children can stand higher and see farther, but at the same time they are confined to a test paper, a screen and an unhealthy body.

In a blink of an eye, "post-90s" has become the backbone of the society, and "post-00" has gradually entered the threshold of adulthood, and the childhood of "post-10s" and "post-20s" continues. The times follow their own trajectory and rush to a more colorful future at a high speed. The "red" and "black" left on the way are all splashed with ink in children’s childhood. From the different childhood trajectories of "post-90s" to "post-00s", we can sum up the gratifying development trend, guide the future development of children, and even sum up the problems and hidden dangers, intervene and solve them as soon as possible, so as to better implement the principle of giving priority to children.

In order to give children a healthy and happy childhood, China has made many beneficial attempts, and children’s living standards have been greatly improved. We should also learn from setbacks, face problems squarely and try to solve them. There is still a long way to go …

Note: the age definition of "children"

Article 1 of the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child stipulates that a minor is anyone under the age of 18. Minors are children. The Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Minors promulgated in 1991 defines the age of minors, that is, children, as 0-18 years old (excluding 18 years old). This time, we define the age of "children" as 0-17 (one year old), which is consistent with the international standards and the policy documents issued by the China government. In this article, we will mainly focus on school-age children aged 6-14.

Data source:

[1] http://www.stats.gov.cn/, National Bureau of Statistics

[2] China Press and Publication Research Institute "China National Reading Survey Report"

[3] National Physical Fitness Monitoring Center "National Physical Fitness Monitoring Bulletin"

[4]CNNIC Statistical Report on Internet Development in China (2002-2020)

[5] The Ministry of Youth Rights and Interests of the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) and China Youth New Media Association jointly issued "The Status of Internet Use for Minors in 2020".

[6] The Institute of Journalism and Communication of China Academy of Social Sciences, the School of Journalism and Communication of China Academy of Social Sciences, and Social Science Literature Publishing House jointly published "Blue Book for Teenagers: Report on Internet Use of Minors in China (2021)".

[7] The "National Survey on Learning Stress of Primary and Secondary School Students" was released by the artificial intelligence education platform for primary and secondary schools.

[8] Announcement of the Ministry of Education on the results of the national survey on students’ physique and health in 2005

http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_943/moe_947/200705/t20070522_80580.html

[9] Announcement of the Ministry of Education on the results of the 2010 national survey on students’ physique and health

http://www.moe.gov.cn/srcsite/A17/moe_943/moe_947/201108/t20110829_124202.html

[10] Wang Xiuping: "40 years of children’s development in China", China Social Sciences Press, 2020.

[11] Song Yanhui, Zhang Shengqin: "The Changing Trend of Internet Use of Minors (2009 ~ 2013)", Social Science Literature Publishing House, 2014.

[12] Zhang Xudong, Sun Hongyan, Zhao Xia: From "After 90" to "After 00": Investigation Report on Children’s Development in China, China Youth Research, 2017(2)

 

References:

People’s Daily reports: 70 years of educational reform and development is magnificent | Celebrating 70 years of achievements, 2019.

 

Team member: School of Journalism and Information Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Xu Xinyan Li Ning Zhou Ji Zhao Xiangjing

Instructor: Xu Di, School of Journalism and Information Communication, Huazhong University of Science and Technology

(Cover drawings, fonts and some materials come from the butter camera material library &Canva can be painted, and the copyright belongs to the original creator. If there is any infringement, please contact to delete it.)

A scientific and technological event to promote global openness, innovation, cooperation and sharing —— Prospect of 2023 Zhongguancun Forum

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 15th Title: A scientific and technological event to promote global openness, innovation, cooperation and sharing — — Prospect of 2023 Zhongguancun Forum

  Xinhua News Agency "Xinhua Viewpoint" reporters Wen Jinghua and Zhang Manzi

  It is planned to hold more than 150 events in 6 major sections, including forum meetings, exhibitions, technology transactions, results release, frontier competitions and supporting activities; Focus on the theme of "open cooperation and shared future", with internationalization, high-end and branding as important features; A number of original cutting-edge scientific and technological achievements, authoritative research reports, major international scientific and technological cooperation projects and policy initiatives will be released at the forum … …

  From May 25th to 30th, 2023 Zhongguancun Forum will be held in Beijing to create a scientific and technological event to promote global openness, innovation, cooperation and sharing. On the 15th, the State Council Office held a press conference, and the responsible persons of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Beijing introduced the preparations for this forum. The reporter combed the relevant points.

  On May 15th, the State Council held a press conference for the 2023 Zhongguancun Forum. Xinhua News Agency reporter Wen Jinghua photo

  Open and innovative scientific and technological event: more than 150 events in 6 major sections.

  "Since its establishment in 2007, Zhongguancun Forum has been successfully held for 13 sessions. As an important international exchange window for China to actively participate in the world’s scientific and technological innovation practice and deeply participate in global scientific and technological governance, it has made important contributions to promoting the construction of Beijing International Science and Technology Innovation Center, leading and supporting high-quality development, and deepening scientific and technological open cooperation." Wu Zhaohui, Vice Minister of Science and Technology, said that internationalization, high-end and branding are the important features of this Zhongguancun Forum.

  According to reports, the 2023 Zhongguancun Forum set up more than 150 events in six major sections, including forum meetings, exhibitions, technology transactions, results release, frontier competitions and supporting activities, attracting guests from more than 80 countries and regions, and nearly 200 foreign government departments, international organizations and institutions participated. Nearly 120 top experts, including 17 Nobel Prize-winning guests, will deliver high-level keynote speeches, among which foreign speakers account for over 40%.

  Focusing on frontier fields such as artificial intelligence, life sciences and clean energy, as well as hot topics such as data governance and digital sports, the forum will hold 55 parallel forums, of which 25 will be led or co-sponsored by national ministries and commissions, and institutions such as Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academy of Engineering, and China Association for Science and Technology will also host a number of exciting activities, highlighting the national platform function of the forum.

  In addition, a number of original cutting-edge scientific and technological achievements, authoritative research reports, major international scientific and technological cooperation projects and policy initiatives will be released in the forum, and a series of activities such as the Global Technology Trading Ecological Partner Conference, the Zhongguancun International Frontier Science and Technology Innovation Competition Finals, the Beijing Global Summit on Investment and the 2023 China Science Fiction Conference will also be held at the same time.

  "This forum has both the exchange and collision of ideas and the intuitive experience of technical products; There are both the first release of major achievements and the signing of major projects. The purpose is to let the public fully feel the charm of scientific and technological innovation through zero-distance communication with high-level scientists and entrepreneurs. " Yu Yingjie, deputy mayor of Beijing, said, "We will practice the concept of doing good through science and technology at a new and higher starting point, and make the 2023 Zhongguancun Forum a scientific and technological event to promote global openness, innovation, cooperation and sharing."

  Wind vane of industrial development: focus on frontier fields such as artificial intelligence and brain-computer interface.

  The "Global Engineering Innovation Forum" invites presidents of multinational engineering institutes and well-known experts at home and abroad to discuss the major human needs and solutions to major problems of sustainable development; The "Brain-Computer Interface Innovation and Development Forum" focuses on frontier scientific issues and draws a blueprint for brain-computer interface technology and industrial innovation; For the first time, the "Women in Science and Technology Innovation Forum" was set up to show the cutting-edge science and technology "her strength" & HELIP; …

  According to reports, this forum is closely related to the frontier of scientific and technological development, and will focus on frontier fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum science and brain-computer interface, discuss the trend of scientific and technological innovation, display the latest achievements, carry out project roadshows, discover and excavate a number of subversive technologies, and create a weather vane leading scientific and technological innovation and future industrial development.

  As a highlight of Zhongguancun Forum, the key word of 2023 Zhongguancun Forum Exhibition (Expo) is also "frontier".

  "Compared with previous years, the number of exhibitors this year is large and innovative." Yu Yingjie introduced that the exhibition gathers cutting-edge technology and future industries, with a total area of 27,000 square meters. More than 650 exhibitors at home and abroad will focus on the latest technological progress and major achievements in the fields of artificial intelligence, quantum information, brain science, cell and gene therapy, including many first-time exhibitions.

  In the robot exhibition area, the audience can see the whole industrial chain products from core technologies and components such as chips and sensors to multifunctional robots; In the exhibition area of Meta-Universe, interactive experience can be carried out through VR, AR, wireless capture, etc. … …

  Yu Yingjie said that this year’s exhibition strives to let the audience understand a field and be familiar with an industry while watching the exhibition in an immersive way. "In addition, we strengthen the concept of science and technology exhibition, introduce holographic projection, digital guidance and other technical means, and believe that we can bring an experience feast of cutting-edge technology to the audience."

  National platform for global scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation: gathering wisdom for deepening open cooperation

  In 2022, the number of invention patents per 10,000 people ranked first in China. In less than 5 minutes, a technology-based enterprise was born, and more than 300 multinational companies set up regional headquarters and R&D center in Zhongguancun … … Over the years, Beijing, especially Zhongguancun, has always been at the forefront of scientific and technological innovation, and the pattern of open cooperation has been continuously improved.

  This year’s Zhongguancun Forum has further enhanced its international characteristics and elements, and increased its invitation to international scientific and technological organizations. International organizations such as the World Intellectual Property Organization will attend and hold 13 parallel forums. More than 120 international enterprises and institutions such as Siemens and Merck will attend the conference to introduce the latest scientific research achievements and cutting-edge technologies.

  "Making Zhongguancun Forum a national platform for global scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation is a major decision made by the CPC Central Committee." Wu Zhaohui introduced that the organizers hope to make Zhongguancun Forum a platform for the presentation of major policies, the exchange of high-end talents, the display of important achievements and the collision of cutting-edge ideas.

  "We look forward to meeting guests from all walks of life in Beijing, having in-depth exchanges and enhancing consensus, uniting wisdom for deepening international cooperation in scientific and technological innovation and opening up, and contributing to the prosperity and development of the global economy." Wu Zhaohui said.

  Wu Zhaohui said that in the next step, the Ministry of Science and Technology, together with relevant ministries and commissions, will further implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, accelerate the formation of international science and technology innovation centers and regional science and technology innovation centers with their own characteristics and linkage, and turn international science and technology innovation centers including Beijing into major world science centers and innovative places in the future.

Weekly quality report: nearly 40% of induction cookers failed to pass the sampling inspection, and some induction cookers were unable to withstand slight bumps.

  CCTV News:Induction cooker, also known as electromagnetic cooker, has the characteristics of small size, fast heating and no open flame, and has become one of the daily appliances used by thousands of households. However, the national supervision and spot check on the product quality of this product shows that it is such a household appliance with a very high penetration rate that four out of every ten products are unqualified.

  Nearly 40% of electromagnetic stoves are unqualified.

  The reporter learned from the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine that this year’s national supervision and spot check on the quality of electromagnetic stoves has ended, and the test results show that the quality problems of electromagnetic stoves produced in China are not optimistic at present.

  Miao Yuchen, Director of Product Quality Supervision Department of AQSIQ:We organized a total of 48 batches of electromagnetic stoves produced by 48 enterprises in Guangdong, Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces to carry out national supervision and spot checks. After inspection, 19 batches of products were unqualified.

  According to the statistics of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, in the first half of this year, the state supervised and spot-checked 41 kinds of products, mainly involving 2,674 batches of products in seven categories closely related to consumers, such as electronic appliances, daily use and textiles, building materials and light industry, of which 250 batches were unqualified, with an overall unqualified rate of 9.3%. However, 19 of the 48 batches of electromagnetic stove products in this spot check were unqualified, and the unqualified rate was as high as 39.6%, which was more than four times that of the products in the first half of the year supervised by the state. According to the reporter’s understanding, the electromagnetic stove has therefore become the product with the lowest qualified rate among the 41 products supervised and randomly selected by the state in the first half of this year.

  Miao Yuchen, Director of Product Quality Supervision Department of AQSIQ:The problems found in spot checks involve abnormal work, energy efficiency grade, mechanical strength, electromagnetic compatibility and other items, among which the unqualified electromagnetic compatibility index is more prominent.

  The National General Electronic Components and Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, located in China Saibao Laboratory, is one of the testing institutions that undertake the national pumping task of electromagnetic stoves. The reporter learned here that according to the relevant national standards and norms, the inspection items of electromagnetic stoves can be divided into three parts.

  Chen Jun, Director of Home Appliances Room of Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:The first part is the electrical safety requirements of products, which are consistent with the testing standards of compulsory product certification in China and are the basic safety requirements of products. The second part is the energy efficiency grade of products, including thermal efficiency and standby power consumption, which is the basic energy efficiency requirement of induction cooker products in China. The third part is the electromagnetic compatibility of products, including terminal disturbance voltage and electromagnetic radiation disturbance.

  Testers told reporters that the electrical safety, energy efficiency rating and electromagnetic compatibility of electromagnetic cookers actually cover 19 items such as protection against touching live parts, abnormal work, mechanical strength, energy efficiency rating and electromagnetic radiation disturbance. In this spot check, as many as seven items failed.

  Then, what impact will these unqualified items have on consumers’ use of electromagnetic stoves? Will it harm the personal safety of users?

  Some electromagnetic cookers can’t stand a slight bump.

  During the investigation, the inspector told the reporter that for the electromagnetic cooker, which is a household appliance that must carry other items when it is used, the durability of the stressed microcrystalline panel is the basic requirement. The inspection item of mechanical strength is to specifically check whether the structure and shell of the electromagnetic stove can withstand the knock and impact that may occur during use.

  Zhou Shuisheng, Electrical Appliance Room Engineer of Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:According to the national standard, we use this spring impact hammer to impact every weak position on the panel for three times, and the impact energy is 0.5 Joule, so it is required that the panel of the induction cooker cannot be damaged after the impact test.

  The reporter noticed that during the inspection, this microcomputer-based induction cooker named BT220 produced by Zhongshan Pentium Electric Appliance Co., Ltd. had obvious cracks on the microcrystalline panel after three consecutive impacts. According to the inspector, the rupture of the microcrystalline panel of the electromagnetic stove not only affects the normal use, but also may cause personal injury to consumers, and even lead to the risk of electric shock.

  Zhou Shuisheng, Electrical Appliance Room Engineer of Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:The panel of this induction cooker is cracked, resulting in many cracks. Then these cracks will destroy the overall insulation system of the induction cooker and reduce the safe distance between the human body and the live parts. Then the user may be scratched by the edges of these cracks in the induction cooker during the subsequent use, and may also get an electric shock, which is dangerous. According to the national standards, this induction cooker is a seriously unqualified product.

  The reporter learned in the interview that in addition to safety, when most consumers buy electromagnetic stoves, the most important thing is whether to save electricity. Therefore, the grade of energy efficiency has become an important index to evaluate the quality of electromagnetic stoves.

  Mo Yanting, Electrical Appliance Room Engineer, Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:All domestic electromagnetic cookers need to have china energy label. The energy efficiency label will classify the product’s energy efficiency level, in which the first level is the best and most energy-saving, and the third level is the most basic requirement.

  According to professionals, according to the national mandatory standard "Limits and Levels of Energy Efficiency of Household Electromagnetic Cookers", the energy efficiency level includes two indicators: thermal efficiency and standby power. Thermal efficiency is a specific quantitative index for electromagnetic cookers to convert electric energy into effective thermal energy. For electromagnetic cookers with rated power greater than 1200W, thermal efficiency can be divided into three levels: not less than 90%, not less than 88% and not less than 86%. The higher the thermal efficiency, the higher the energy utilization rate, and the more energy-saving the product. The corresponding energy efficiency level is also higher.

  Mo Yanting, Electrical Appliance Room Engineer, Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:Although the thermal efficiency is not the safety performance index that directly affects personal safety, such as electric shock prevention and fire prevention, it is closely related to the people’s money bags. Assuming that the electromagnetic stove at home consumes more electricity every time it heats a pot of water, the people will pay more money and cause unnecessary waste over time.

  The virtual standard energy efficiency grade of a small number of electromagnetic stoves

  Saving money and electricity affects the purchasing tendency of some consumers. Therefore, in order to cater to consumers’ psychology, some enterprises do not make efforts to improve product quality, but make up their minds on energy efficiency labeling, falsely marking product energy efficiency grades.

  Mo Yanting, Electrical Appliance Room Engineer, Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:Among the 48 batches of electromagnetic stove products that we randomly selected this time, the energy efficiency grade of six batches of electromagnetic stoves failed to meet the requirements. One batch was standby power, which exceeded its specified value, while the other five batches failed to reach its nominal value of thermal efficiency. The most serious product was a product with a nominal thermal efficiency of 88%, while the measured thermal efficiency was only 85.1%. Can’t even reach the most basic level 3.

  The reporter noticed that this product marked with energy efficiency grade 2, but the measured value can’t even reach grade 3, is an electromagnetic stove with the name of Suochi brand PS-22 produced by Guixiang Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province. The remaining five batches of products with unqualified energy efficiency grades are respectively labeled as:

  HW-22 electromagnetic cooker produced by Hawang Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province;

  An electromagnetic cooker of model YW20A-301 produced by Yongwang Electric Appliance Industry Co., Ltd. in Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province;

  The VK-20C80E electromagnetic cooker produced by Weiwang Daily Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., Foshan City, Guangdong Province;

  SJ-20KB electromagnetic cooker produced by Guangdong Shiji Electric Appliance Industry Co., Ltd.;

  DP22 electromagnetic cooker produced by dongfeng town Hamada Electric Appliance Factory, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province.

  The virtual standard energy efficiency of electromagnetic stoves is mostly to cover up Jerry-building.

  Professionals told reporters that the energy efficiency rating items of electromagnetic cookers are unqualified. On the surface, it seems that manufacturers falsely label product parameters, but in essence it covers up the bad behavior of some enterprises to cut corners in order to reduce production costs.

  Mo Yanting, Electrical Appliance Room Engineer of China Saibao Laboratory:One of the factors that affect the thermal efficiency of electromagnetic cookers is the coil disk. In order to save costs, some manufacturers often have obvious differences in material selection. Now we can compare it. You see, this is a qualified product. Its coil disk has a thick wire diameter and a very close distance, so the heating effect of this coil disk is very good and energy-saving. Looking at another unqualified product in this spot check, we can see that its wire diameter is only half of that of the previous one, and the distance between the rollers is loose. You see that the tip of this screwdriver is going in, and the heating effect of this coil disk is relatively low. Next, let’s look at another one with worse thermal efficiency. This wire diameter is obviously thinner and the distance is looser, and the screwdriver can pass through it easily and casually. The thermal efficiency of such products is definitely not high, and it can’t meet the requirements of energy efficiency grade at all.

  Whether it is the protection against touching live parts, the firmness of microcrystalline panels, or the coils that affect thermal efficiency, careful consumers can more or less see some tricks through careful observation. But for the electromagnetic cooker, there are some security risks, because of its special closed structure, which can neither be seen nor touched, so the potential harm is even greater. Continue to watch our program.

  The annual output of electromagnetic cookers in China exceeds 30 million sets.

  The reporter learned in the interview that the world’s first household electromagnetic stove was born in Germany in 1957 and entered China in the late 1980s. Because there are many advantages such as no open flame, no smoke and dust, easy to use and so on, the electromagnetic stove is quickly recognized by consumers. At present, there are more than 500 enterprises producing electromagnetic stoves in China, with an annual output of more than 30 million units.

  Chen Jun, Director of Home Appliances Room of Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:At present, the industry of induction cookers is mainly concentrated in Guangdong and Zhejiang provinces, including Shunde and Zhongshan in Guangdong, where more than 80% of enterprises are located.

  The rapid development of electromagnetic stoves has attracted the attention of relevant regulatory authorities, and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine has listed electromagnetic stoves as national supervision and spot check products for seven consecutive years. However, compared with the pass rate of spot checks in the past seven years, the reporter noticed an abnormal phenomenon, that is, the pass rate of national supervision and spot checks of electromagnetic stoves was not less than 80% for four consecutive years from 2011 to 2014, but by 2015, this value fell off a cliff and plummeted to 7.7%; After that, it rebounded slightly in 2016, accounting for 28.8%. The qualified rate of 48 samples selected this year was 60.4%. They are all electromagnetic cookers, but why does the qualified rate of national supervision and spot check on product quality fluctuate so much?

  Miao Yuchen, Director of Product Quality Supervision Department of AQSIQ:In 2015, we added two indicators of electromagnetic compatibility and energy efficiency grade for the first time, and checked 78 batches of products, 72 of which were unqualified, so the main problem focused on electromagnetic compatibility.

   In the survey, professionals told reporters that almost all electrical equipment will send out electromagnetic harassment signals when working. Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) means that when electrical equipment is working, the signals generated will neither interfere with other electrical equipment nor be interfered by other electrical equipment, so as to ensure that all equipment can work normally and be compatible with each other. For electromagnetic cookers, there are two kinds of electromagnetic disturbance signals: those transmitted to the power grid through power lines are called conduction disturbance, and those emitted through space are called radiation disturbance. In the standard, terminal disturbance voltage and electromagnetic radiation disturbance items are used to assess respectively.

  Shao E, Engineer of EMC Room, Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:What is the essence of terminal disturbance voltage test? The induction cooker works, and when it works, your induction cooker takes electricity from the power grid. After work, some electromagnetic interference signals will be emitted to the power grid. This electromagnetic interference signal, it is all on the power grid. If your other electrical equipment, such as washing machine, air conditioner, TV set, all other electrical equipment and household electrical equipment, are hung on the power grid, you may receive the interference signal generated by the induction cooker, resulting in some faults. For example, it is possible that the washing machine just mentioned is interrupted and the TV set is short-circuited.

   The reporter saw in the laboratory that this logo is calledAn electromagnetic cooker of model YW20A-301 produced by Yongwang Electric Appliance Industry Co., Ltd., Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province.When testing, the terminal disturbance voltage obviously exceeds the limit specified by the national standard.

  Shao E, Engineer of EMC Room, Quality Inspection Center of China Saibao Laboratory:The red line above represents a quasi-peak value limit stipulated by the national standard, the red line below is an average value limit stipulated by the national standard, and the blue line and pink line at the bottom are the results of our test of this sample, which respectively represent that the blue line is a peak value and the pink line is an average value. From this result, it can be seen that these frequency points have obviously exceeded the limit requirements stipulated by the national standard, so from this test result,

  Some electromagnetic cookers are not designed properly.

  The inspector told the reporter that the electromagnetic stove terminal disturbance voltage project was unqualified, mainly because the electromagnetic compatibility design of the product was unreasonable. The reporter noticed that as many as 17 of the 48 samples of the electromagnetic stove were unqualified in the terminal disturbance voltage test. This is also the highest unqualified item among all the 19 inspection items of the electromagnetic stove. Followed by another test item of electromagnetic compatibility: electromagnetic radiation disturbance, 14 unqualified samples, only 3 less than the unqualified number of terminal disturbance voltage test. Among them, the nominal name is:

  Model J-C electromagnetic cooker produced by Jieliou Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province;

  The electromagnetic cooker with the model IC-A2102 produced by Guangdong Taikoo Electric Technology Co., Ltd.;

  The model SYG-22 electromagnetic cooker produced by Songyangge Electric Appliance Technology Co., Ltd., Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province13 batches of samples, such as electromagnetic compatibility, terminal disturbance voltage and electromagnetic radiation disturbance, were unqualified.

  The failure rate of the two items of EMC inspection far exceeds that of other inspection items. Why?

  With the further investigation, the reporter learned that before 2015, the two national mandatory standards, Safety of Household and Similar Electrical Appliances and Energy Efficiency Limits and Energy Efficiency Grades of Household Electromagnetic Cookers, which were the basis for electromagnetic cooker products testing, did not involve electromagnetic compatibility testing. In January, 2015, the national mandatory standard "Limits and Measurement Methods of Disturbance Characteristics of Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) RF Equipment" was officially implemented, which clearly stipulated that electromagnetic cookers, microwave ovens and other appliances were applicable to this standard, so the national supervision and spot check of electromagnetic cookers in that year included electromagnetic compatibility in the inspection scope for the first time. However, two years later, the reporter found that there are still many electromagnetic stove manufacturers who turn a blind eye to the EMC test of their products. In the investigation, the reporter noticed a detail. All the 48 samples in this spot check were marked as meeting the national use safety standards and energy efficiency standards, but none of the products were marked as meeting the national electromagnetic compatibility standards.

  Chen Jun, Director of Home Appliances Room of China Saibao Laboratory:Some enterprises may not fully understand this requirement of electromagnetic compatibility, and think that it is not a requirement of compulsory certification of this product, so they do not produce products according to this standard, which leads to the product not meeting the requirements.

  Professionals believe that electromagnetic cookers are products in China’s 3C compulsory certification catalogue, that is to say, 3C certification is the basic threshold for electromagnetic cookers to go on sale. In view of the fact that manufacturers generally ignore EMC projects at present, it is suggested that relevant departments revise the implementation rules of 3C certification of electromagnetic stove products in time, and bring the national standards related to electromagnetic compatibility into the scope of 3C certification, so as to promote enterprises to better understand and implement the standards and further improve product quality.

  Experts said that the radiation power of induction cooker mainly depends on the leakage value of electromagnetic wave of induction cooker, and the greater the leakage, the greater the impact on users. Although there is no sufficient factual basis to prove that the radiation of induction cooker is harmful to human body, it is obvious that the lower the electromagnetic leakage level, the better the safety of products with lower radiation disturbance level. Therefore, it is safe and reliable for consumers to choose to buy induction cooker products that meet national standards.

  (CCTV reporter Wang Jun)

Notice of Beijing Municipal Commission of Science and Technology and Zhongguancun Science Park Management Committee on Printing and Distributing the Administrative Measures of Zhongguancun National In

Jingkefa [2022] No.6

All relevant units:

  The Measures for the Management of Support Funds for Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone to Promote technology and finance’s Deep Integration Development (Trial) has been considered and adopted by the 6th administrative office meeting of the Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Zhongguancun Management Committee in 2022. It is hereby printed and distributed, please follow it.

  I hereby inform you.

Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Science Park Management Committee    

June 10, 2022  

Measures for the Administration of Support Funds for Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone to Promote technology and finance’s Deep Integration Development (Trial)

  Chapter I General Provisions

  Article 1 In order to implement the Opinions of the State Council on Promoting the High-quality Development of National High-tech Industrial Development Zones (Guo Fa [2020] No.7) and the Development and Construction Plan of Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period (Zhong Shi Qu Zu Fa [2021] No.1), further standardize the management and use of support funds, promote Zhongguancun’s pilot project and technology and finance’s supply-side structural reform, and improve the financial support innovation system.

  Article 2 The supporting funds of these Measures shall be arranged by the municipal financial funds, charged from the special funds of Beijing Science and Technology Commission and Zhongguancun Science Park Management Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Zhongguancun Management Committee), and used according to the annual budget.

  Article 3 The management and use of funds supported by these Measures shall follow the principles of openness, transparency, highlighting key points, earmarking funds and paying attention to actual results.

  Article 4 The support objects of these Measures are high-tech enterprises and financial service institutions. Among them, high-tech enterprises refer to the national high-tech enterprises and Zhongguancun high-tech enterprises registered in Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone (hereinafter referred to as Zhongguancun Demonstration Zone); Financial service institutions refer to the headquarters or branches established in Beijing with the approval of the regulatory authorities. Innovative entities registered in other areas of Beijing that meet the supporting conditions shall be implemented with reference.

  Chapter II Supporting Contents and Standards

  Section 1 Vigorously Develop Angels and Venture Capital

  Article 5 Support long-term capital to participate in scientific and technological innovation investment.

  (1) Support content

  Guide long-term capital such as social security funds, insurance funds and bank wealth management funds to increase investment in venture capital funds ①, private equity secondary market funds ② and M&A funds ③. If the fund investment effect is good, the investors will be given periodic investment risk subsidies in different grades.

  (2) Supporting conditions

  1. Funds shall be registered in Beijing, and the types of funds shall conform to the positioning of venture capital funds, private equity secondary market funds (S funds) and M&A funds, and shall be filed in asset management association of china.

  2. The fund should focus on the high-tech industries in Zhongguancun Demonstration Zone, and the investment effect is good.

  3. Social security funds, insurance funds and bank financing funds should be registered in Beijing, and the actual annual contribution to the fund is more than 300 million yuan (inclusive).

  (3) Method and amount of support

  Take the form of post-subsidy support. Support shall be given in different grades according to the annual investment amount, among which, if the actual investment amount is between 300 million yuan and 500 million yuan (inclusive), financial support of no more than 5 million yuan shall be given; If the actual investment is between 500 million yuan and 1 billion yuan (inclusive), no more than 8 million yuan will be given for financial support; If the actual capital contribution is more than 1 billion yuan, financial support of no more than 10 million yuan will be given. Subsidies to the funders of the same fund shall not exceed 3 years.

  Sixth guide investment institutions to carry out early hard science and technology investment.

  (1) Support content

  Support investment institutions to strengthen industry research and risk control, focus on enterprises in high-tech industries in Zhongguancun Demonstration Zone to carry out early investment, and give risk subsidy funds to investment institutions that carry out the first round of investment according to the actual investment amount.

  (2) Supporting conditions

  1. An investment institution shall be registered in Beijing with a registered capital of more than 10 million yuan (inclusive), registered as a private fund manager in asset management association of china, and the fund shall be filed in asset management association of china.

  2. The invested enterprise has been established for no more than 5 years, which is in line with the high-tech industries in Zhongguancun Demonstration Zone and has core technology or independent intellectual property rights.

  3. The participating investment shall be the first round of investment, with a single investment amount of more than 5 million yuan (inclusive), and the equity ratio of the investment institution after investing in the enterprise shall not exceed 50%.

  4. Non-repeated support for multiple funds managed by the same investment institution to invest in the same enterprise.

  (3) Method and amount of support

  Take the form of post-subsidy support. Investment risk subsidies shall be given according to 20% of the actual investment, with a single subsidy not exceeding 2 million yuan, and the total subsidy of each investment institution not exceeding 5 million yuan each year.

  Article 7 Support the transfer of fund shares.

  (1) Support content

  Support private equity investment funds to carry out share transfer on the fund share transfer platform of Beijing Equity Exchange Center, improve the liquidity of funds, and subsidize the expenses incurred by the fund share transferor in the transfer process.

  (2) Supporting conditions

  1. Private equity investment funds should be registered in Beijing, focusing on high-tech industries in Zhongguancun Demonstration Zone, and the investment effect is good.

  2. The transferor (except individuals, government investment fund holding institutions or management institutions) shall be registered in Beijing, and the transferred fund shares shall be above 30 million yuan (inclusive) after evaluation.

  3. The expenses incurred in the transfer process include transaction expenses ⑤ and intermediary service agency expenses ⑤, etc.

  (3) Method and amount of support

  Take the form of post-subsidy support. According to 40% of the expenses incurred in the process of fund transfer, the transferor shall be subsidized, and each subsidy shall not exceed 1 million yuan.

  Section II Deepening the Innovation of Science and Technology Credit and Science and Technology Insurance

  Article 8 Deepen the pilot project of enterprise credit financing.

  (1) Support content

  Support guarantee institutions to participate in the pilot project of "creating credit and financing", share enterprise credit information, share credit risks, and continuously expand the scale of the first credit guarantee loan. If the cooperative guarantee institutions compensate the service enterprises, they shall be given financial support for risk compensation.

  (2) Supporting conditions

  1. Enterprises should meet the criteria for small or micro enterprises in the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Criteria for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (No.300 [2011] of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), and meet the high-tech industries in Zhongguancun Demonstration Zone, with core technologies or independent intellectual property rights.

  2. The guarantee institution shall provide the enterprise with the first credit guarantee loan (without any counter-guarantee measures) through the pilot cooperative institution recognized by the People’s Bank of China Management Department as "Chuangxinrong", and the amount of the guarantee loan shall be more than 1 million yuan (inclusive).

  3 when applying for financial funds, the cooperative guarantee institution has been compensated, and it does not exceed the upper limit of the compensation rate set by it. Guarantee institutions should take effective debt recovery measures after obtaining risk compensation funds and pay back the recovery income in time. After deducting relevant expenses, the income recovered from compensation projects shall be returned to all parties in a timely manner according to the proportion of compensation sharing.

  (3) Method and amount of support

  Take the form of post-subsidy support. Risk compensation shall be made to cooperative guarantee institutions according to 50% of the compensation amount of cooperative guarantee institutions, and the compensation amount of each guarantee institution shall not exceed 10 million yuan each year.

  Ninth support enterprises to obtain technology insurance services.

  (1) Support content

  Support enterprises to obtain loans or spread risks through science and technology insurance products, and give enterprise premium subsidies.

  (2) Supporting conditions

  1. The annual operating income of the enterprise (referring to the operating income of the enterprise in the last fiscal year at the time of business occurrence, the same below) is less than 200 million yuan (inclusive), which is in line with the high-tech industrial field of Zhongguancun Demonstration Zone and has core technology or independent intellectual property rights.

  2. Science and technology insurance products should be approved or put on record by the insurance regulatory authorities, which are currently valid, including financing insurance, R&D insurance and product insurance (see the annual project declaration notice for the list of science and technology insurance products).

  3 enterprises through science and technology insurance loans or insurance amount should be more than 20 million yuan (inclusive).

  (3) Method and amount of support

  Post-subsidy support is adopted. According to 60% of the actual premium, enterprises are given subsidy support, and the annual premium subsidy amount of each enterprise does not exceed 500,000 yuan.

  Tenth support enterprises to carry out financial leasing.

  (1) Support content

  Support enterprises to obtain new technologies and new products through financial leasing, and give enterprises financing expenses subsidies.

  (2) Supporting conditions

  1. The annual business income of the enterprise is less than 200 million yuan (inclusive), which is in line with the high-tech industries in Zhongguancun Demonstration Zone and has core technology or independent intellectual property rights.

  2. The subject matter of financial leasing is new technologies and new products needed to build a common technology platform or scientific research and development services.

  (3) Method and amount of support

  Take the form of post-subsidy support. Subsidies will be given to enterprises according to 20% of financing costs (including rental interest and handling fees), and the amount of subsidies for each enterprise will not exceed 500,000 yuan per year. The subsidy for the same financial leasing business of the enterprise shall not exceed 3 years.

  Eleventh the establishment of multi-party participation in intellectual property pledge financing cost sharing and risk compensation mechanism.

  (1) Support content

  1. Support enterprises to obtain intellectual property pledge loans ⑦, and give enterprises discount support.

  2. Support banks, guarantee, insurance, intellectual property professional institutions, etc. to provide intellectual property pledge loans to enterprises individually or in combination. In case of non-performing loans, risk compensation support shall be given according to their respective risk-bearing parts of the principal.

  (2) Supporting conditions

  1. The annual business income of the enterprise is less than 200 million yuan (inclusive), which is in line with the high-tech industries in Zhongguancun Demonstration Zone and has core technology or independent intellectual property rights.

  2. To apply for loan discount support funds, the floating rate of the interest rate of intellectual property pledge loans shall not exceed 40% of the one-year loan market quotation rate (LPR) of banks in the same period. If an enterprise obtains an intellectual property pledge loan for the first time or obtains a two-year or above medium-and long-term intellectual property pledge loan, there is no limit on the floating rate of the loan interest rate.

  3. To apply for supporting funds for risk compensation of intellectual property pledge loans, banks and other relevant institutions need to set the upper limit of non-performing rate of intellectual property pledge financing according to their own conditions. When the non-performing rate of intellectual property pledge financing of a single institution exceeds its set upper limit, the risk compensation support for the institution will be suspended, and the institution will be given a risk early warning and evaluated, and whether the institution will continue to enjoy risk compensation support will be decided according to the evaluation results.

  (3) Method and amount of support

  Take the form of post-subsidy support.

  1. Loan interest subsidy: 40% of the actual loan interest is given to enterprises, and the annual interest subsidy for a single enterprise does not exceed 500,000 yuan.

  2. Risk compensation: risk compensation shall be provided to the relevant institutions according to no more than 50% of the respective risk-bearing parts of the principal, and the annual risk compensation funds involving a single enterprise shall not exceed 5 million yuan, with a cumulative amount of no more than 10 million yuan.

  Section III Support Enterprises to Use Capital Market for Financing Development

  Article 12 Support enterprises to be listed on the New Third Board and Beijing Fourth Board.

  (1) Support content

  Support enterprises to be listed in the national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises and Beijing regional equity market (Beijing Equity Exchange Center), provide financial support for enterprises to be listed, boost the innovative and compliant development of enterprises, and accelerate the listing in the capital market.

  (2) Supporting conditions

  1. Enterprises should conform to the high-tech industries in Zhongguancun Demonstration Zone and have core technologies or independent intellectual property rights.

  2. The enterprise shall obtain a letter from the National Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Share Transfer System Co., Ltd. agreeing to the listing of the enterprise in the National Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Share Transfer System, or a letter from Beijing Equity Exchange Center Co., Ltd. agreeing to the listing of the enterprise in Beijing regional equity market (Beijing Equity Exchange Center).

  (3) Method and amount of support

  Take the form of post-subsidy support.

  1. To be listed in the national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises, financial support will be given by layers. Among them, if it is approved to be listed at the basic level, each enterprise will be given no more than 500,000 yuan in financial support; Those who enter the innovation layer after being allowed to adjust the level will be given financial support of no more than 500,000 yuan for each enterprise; If it is allowed to directly enter the innovation layer for listing, each enterprise will be given no more than 1 million yuan in financial support.

  2. For those who are allowed to be listed on the Beijing regional equity market (Beijing Equity Exchange Center), each enterprise will be given no more than 300,000 yuan in financial support.

  Thirteenth support the construction of multi-level capital market service platform (base).

  (1) Support content

  1. Support domestic securities trading institutions to build a multi-level capital market service platform (base) in Beijing, provide enterprises with professional services such as listing, listing and issuing bonds, and provide financial support for comprehensive services with good results.

  2. Support Beijing regional equity market (Beijing Equity Exchange Center) to provide corporate governance, financial management, equity incentives and other capital market compliance services for listed display enterprises such as Science and Technology Incubator 8, and provide financial support according to the comprehensive service effect.

  (2) Supporting conditions

  1. The multi-level capital market service platform (base) is established by domestic securities trading institutions, and has a fixed business service place in Beijing, which has been in continuous operation for one year.

  2. Multi-level capital market service platform (base) and Beijing regional equity market (Beijing equity exchange center) provide professional services for enterprises with good results.

  (3) Method and amount of support

  Take the form of post-subsidy support.

  1. For multi-level capital market service platforms (bases), financial support shall be given according to 0.1‰ of the actual amount of annual listing or listing financing and bond issuance of the service enterprises, and the amount of support for each platform shall not exceed 5 million yuan each year.

  2. For Beijing regional equity market (Beijing Equity Exchange Center), according to its comprehensive service effect, no more than 2 million yuan of financial support will be given every year.

  Fourteenth support enterprises to actively carry out mergers and acquisitions.

  (1) Support content

  Support enterprises to actively carry out mergers and acquisitions, enhance the innovation ability of key core technologies, and give financial support to acquirers according to the transaction amount of mergers and acquisitions.

  (2) Supporting conditions

  1. The acquirer shall be listed at home and abroad, or listed in the national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises.

  2. The acquirer and the acquired party shall conform to the high-tech industries in Zhongguancun Demonstration Zone and have core technologies or independent intellectual property rights.

  3. The acquirer obtained the absolute controlling right of the acquired enterprise for the first time through this acquisition (the equity ratio exceeds 50%), and the M&A transaction amount is above 10 million yuan (inclusive).

  4. The acquirer obtains key core technologies through this acquisition, and further enhances its innovation capability and market core competitiveness.

  (3) Method and amount of support

  Take the form of post-subsidy support. According to 5% of the M&A transaction amount, the M&A enterprise shall be given financial support, and the annual support amount of each project shall not exceed 2 million yuan, and the annual support amount of each enterprise shall not exceed 5 million yuan.

  Chapter III Project Declaration and Audit

  Article 15 The reporting process supported by these Measures shall be subject to the reporting notice issued by the Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Zhongguancun Management Committee, which mainly includes the following links:

  (1) Fill in the project declaration online. The applicant shall fill in and submit the project declaration form through the Beijing Science and Technology Plan Integrated Management Platform according to the relevant requirements of the annual declaration notice.

  (2) Review the project. Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee to carry out evaluation according to the acceptance of the project, and determine the support scheme according to the evaluation opinions.

  (3) publicity of the results. The Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Zhongguancun Management Committee will publicize the list of projects to be supported on the official website (except those classified and otherwise prohibited by laws and regulations), and the publicity period is 5 working days.

  (4) disbursement of funds. Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee allocated support funds in accordance with the relevant provisions.

  Sixteenth to strengthen the project audit, the same reporting unit with the same content of the project has obtained financial support from the city through other channels, and these measures will not be repeated.

  Article 17 Before the review of the application project (task), if the applicant is in the disciplinary period of scientific research dishonesty or is included in the list of untrustworthy executors and serious illegal and untrustworthy enterprises, the application qualification will be cancelled. Before allocating support funds, if the undertaking unit has been revoked or cancelled, or the registered place has moved out of the administrative area of this Municipality, or the undertaking unit and relevant personnel have been punished for dishonesty, they will no longer be supported.

  Chapter IV Performance Management and Supervision

  Eighteenth strengthen the budget performance management, strengthen the application of performance evaluation results. Undertaking units shall, in accordance with the requirements of the full implementation of budget performance management, establish and improve the working mechanism of performance management, strengthen the responsibility constraint of performance management, set performance targets scientifically and reasonably according to regulations, cooperate with relevant departments to do a good job in performance monitoring, performance evaluation or performance appraisal, and improve the efficiency in the use of funds. Relevant results serve as an important basis for follow-up support.

  Nineteenth project declaration to implement the good faith commitment system. The applicant shall submit a letter of commitment of good faith, and promise that the materials submitted are true, effective and complete, meet the requirements of good faith, and bear corresponding responsibilities.

  Article 20 The undertaker shall strengthen the management of the use of special funds, establish and improve the internal control system, implement earmarking and separate accounting, and cooperate with the Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Zhongguancun Management Committee to supervise, inspect and audit the use of funds.

  Article 21 If the undertaker obtains financial support by cheating or other improper means, the Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Zhongguancun Management Committee will take measures such as terminating the project execution, recovering the allocated project funds, and canceling the project undertaker’s qualification for project application within a certain period of time.

  Twenty-second commitment units and related personnel have dishonesty, in accordance with the relevant provisions, make bad credit records in the credit system, and upload relevant information to the "Credit China" and the scientific research integrity management information system as appropriate. Acts that violate financial laws and regulations shall be dealt with in accordance with the Regulations on Punishment of Financial Violations and other relevant provisions. Those suspected of committing a crime shall be handed over to judicial organs for handling according to law.

  Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

  Twenty-third approach by the Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Zhongguancun Management Committee is responsible for the interpretation of.

  Article 24 If the original relevant documents of the Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Zhongguancun Administrative Committee are inconsistent with these measures, these measures shall prevail.

  Article 25 These Measures shall come into force as of the date of issuance. The original Notice on Printing and Distributing the Management Measures of Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone for Promoting technology and finance’s Deep Integration and Innovation Development Support Fund (J.K.F. [2021] No.13) and the Implementation Rules of Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone for Promoting technology and finance’s Deep Integration and Innovation Development Support Fund (for Trial Implementation) (J.K.F. [2021] No.50) shall be abolished at the same time.

Foreign media: China relies on high technology to drive new economic growth.

  The reference news network reported on September 18. On September 15th, the website of Austrian Standard published an article entitled "China relies on high technology as a new driving force for growth" by Eric Frey. The article is excerpted as follows:

  China’s economic strength is considered by many to be equal to that of Europe as a whole. Although some economic models that have made China a great success in the past 20 years are rarely mentioned now, this does not mean the end of China’s success story.

  Eduardo Morcillo, an expert on China at InterChina Investment Consulting, said in an interview with this newspaper that because China has developed new advantages in the past few years, it will continue to grow in the next few years. China’s present and future economic development pays more attention to quality rather than speed.

  "In recent years, China’s leaders have spent a lot of money on improving productivity, developing unprecedented cutting-edge technologies and opening up new markets. China people firmly believe that compared with other countries in the world, they have a competitive advantage: excellent infrastructure ahead of other countries and extensive and skilled use of big data. "

  Morcillo pointed out that almost all villages in China have achieved network coverage, and 95% of the population have become active data users through daily use of smart phones. Because of its irreplaceable advantages in the use of big data, China has acquired this most important "raw material" in the 21st century. Morcillo said: "This will become an important driving force for China’s economy before 2040."

  At the same time, the middle-income group in China has now reached 400 million, making it the largest middle-income group in the world. The consumption demand of this huge group will ensure the sustainable development of China’s economy.

  Morcillo, who has been studying China for more than 20 years, believes that China has made many efforts to make its economic development model healthier in the past decade. In order to resist the adverse effects of the world financial crisis in 2008, the national and private debts that have greatly increased have been reduced, and even during the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic, the possibility of financial risks has not increased.

  In his view, other pillars of China’s new economic strategy are green technology, especially renewable energy and electric vehicles, artificial intelligence and automation. With the support of excellent universities and high investment in scientific research, China’s economy also has good opportunities for development in these fields.

  Morcillo estimated that although there are trade frictions between China and some western countries, China’s exports will not be damaged. China is the top three trading partner of 90% countries in the world and the global market leader of more than 100 commodity categories.

  Morcillo commented: "Abandoning China will cause great losses to these countries. At the moment of fighting inflation, decoupling from China is the last thing people want to do. "

  The picture shows that this is an unmanned sweeping car shot in the outdoor exhibition area of the 2022 World Intelligent Networked Automobile Conference on September 16th. (photo by Ren Chao)

New issue of Reading | Wang Yifang: Welfare of Disease

Original Wang Yifang reading magazine

editorial comment/note

Diseases, especially malignant diseases, are hard to avoid in everyone’s life. The author advocates that when this happens, we should still be optimistic, and at this moment, the society should be equipped with a channel of "hospice care" to effectively improve the quality of life of patients. This is an appeal for "hospice care", which is a relatively missing part of our national medical system and deserves attention from all sides.

Welfare of disease

Wen | Wang Yifang

(The third issue of Reading in 2024)

When talking about the welfare of diseases, people will naturally bypass the disease itself and point to the miracle of modern medical care or the increasingly perfect insurance system. In fact, without disease and suffering, medical benefits will not be born automatically, and the love and care parallel to medical benefits will be eclipsed. This is clearly a kind of "paper clip effect" welfare. The initial port can be traced back to the independent reflection and collective response of diseases. If we glance into the deep well of philosophy, it is a reflection and awe of patients’ subjectivity.

Hospice Care (Source: stchristophers.org.uk)

It was an American community doctor who first made me understand this bitter philosophy. More than 20 years ago, I visited the United States. On the way, I suffered from a bad cold, fever, cough and sore throat, and I was sore all over. So, I hurried to choose a doctor for treatment. The general practitioner, who was nearly half a century old, enthusiastically accepted me. After some consultation, he didn’t prescribe medicine for me. His belief was that the common cold didn’t need to take medicine, and he humorously told me that "take medicine for seven days, don’t take medicine for a week", just take a full rest and strengthen nursing. He explained the reasons in detail. The common cold symptoms are serious but not dangerous, and it is a self-healing disease, except It also urged the patient to review his lifestyle. More interestingly, he also talked to me about "Aesthetics of cold". Although the course of a cold is not long, the patient’s identity has shaped the image of the sick and weak who are cared for, cared for and loved, won an opportunity to feel sorry for themselves (be kind to themselves), and allowed relatives and friends to fully express their love (care for others). Sure enough, during my week of illness, I was cared for by my colleagues and friends, and my heart was full of love. This also reminds me of the deep association of disease welfare. It seems that the word "welfare" can be divided and analyzed. Happiness is a blessing and a benefit. However, in the concept of China people, happiness and misfortune are interdependent, with mutual interests and full of dialectics.

Perhaps it is too common to talk about a cold, and it is not easy to attract people’s attention. If you change a cold into a tumor and change it into a malignant cancer, will you feel the same? Obviously, the mood will be heavier and more shattered. If readers inadvertently type "aizheng" on the keyboard, there will be "being punished" on the computer screen at the same time as "cancer", which means that cancer equals being punished. In susan sontag’s Metaphor of Disease, cancer is labeled as a modern devil, ranking first in the disease spectrum and death spectrum. Nearly ten million people die of malignant tumors every year in the world. For such a number one malignant disease, people avoid it, sigh, and talk about welfare. Isn’t it deliberate to find a flat? Actually, there are two sides to everything, and so are tumors. First of all, tumor is just a "different fruit" that grows after the loopholes in human immune system appear, just like the "crooked melon and cracked jujube" in nature, which is closely related to the aging process of human beings. However, a few days ago, an academic report by Academician Cheng Shujun made me feel refreshed. The report cited a group of elderly people who were over 80 years old. They were complacent and enjoyed their life, but in the autopsy, they found that 60% of the deceased had "prostate cancer", which they didn’t know before their death. This is the so-called "lazy cancer" phenomenon. Its natural growth cycle is long, even exceeding the natural life span, but it only proliferates slowly without making a mess. Therefore, a familiar oncologist often teases patients with slow progress of prostate cancer: "Congratulations, you have snail cancer." As for cancer, Academician Fan Daiming, who is the chairman of China Anti-Cancer Association, has some strange ideas. In his eyes,Cancer cells are the "revolutionary party" in the body. In the process of aging, weakness, atrophy, degradation, and even exhaustion and decline, cancer cells are changing locally, inspiring a new atmosphere of proliferation, expansion, prosperity and transfer. This is clearly a retrograde force of "rejuvenation". The problem lies in their "crazy" growth and breaking the internal ecology, which leads to physical harm.

Susan sontag and Henri Cartier-Bresson were filmed in 1972 (Source: Beijing News)

Metaphor of Disease, by susan sontag, translated by Cheng Wei, Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 2020 (Source: dangdang.com).

Unfortunately, the balance technology of connivance-controlling the growth of cancer cells has not yet come out, and more patients are tortured by crazy and barbaric growth of cancer cells and die young. This is the harsh cancer world. If so, it is obviously inappropriate for me to explore the welfare of diseases under the cruel aesthetic situation. But it’s not that no one dares to think and say. Susan sontag, who has suffered from cancer twice, is such a brave man who dares to face up to the suffering of cancer. She tells the world that it is the existence of cancer that reveals people’s "dual nationality", that is, they are citizens of the health kingdom and the disease kingdom, rather than absolutely healthy people or patients. Everyone is so-called "healthy with illness". Even if they do not suffer from such a malignant disease as cancer, they may be patients with one disease or another but not diagnosed, or linger in "disease" Don’t fantasize that after a serious illness, you should rely on high consumption and high technology mastered by a famous doctor to save yourself from danger, but you should always maintain a good lifestyle, avoid all kinds of risk factors, intervene in time when you are sick at the end of the disease, and refuse the evil disease from the "Xiao Qiang".

However, with the development of modern medicine, it seems that human beings have no magic to resist all sufferings, including cancer that makes the body and mind tremble. The dice of suffering in God’s hands will eventually be thrown out. The arrival of evil diseases is the fate of life, and someone needs to bear it. With the advent of the age of longevity, the probability of suffering from cancer and other malignant diseases is still rising, even young people are not spared, and they need to be psychologically prepared to meet the malignant diseases. The talented boy who died young wrote proudly, especially in dealing with cancer: "God is going to send a golden tumor to a person, and to whom?" He is afraid that timid people can’t support it, and he is afraid that strong people will bear it flatly, so he will give it to an optimistic person, and those who are optimistic and have no aftertaste will just give it to me. I am beyond everything! " In the face of human suffering, we really need a superman who chews pain like this and then transcends it. Nevertheless, modern medicine should also design a spiritual soothing journey of "arrival of love" and "redemption of suffering" for cancer and other malignant diseases besides coming back to life, so that they can "step on thorns, feel no pain, have tears to shed, and are not sad" (Bing Xin: Send a Letter to a Little Reader), which can be regarded as an ultimate pursuit for cancer patients in pain. It is a set of "holistic pain" for cancer patients, highlighting the value of care and creating a dignified and quality survival and life plan. This scheme, once known as palliative care, began in 1967, marked by the British nurse Sanders.Dame Cicely Saunders established a hospice ward in St Christopher’s Hospital in south London, which started the modern hospice movement. Julia M. Addington-Hall, Saunders’ successor and the current director of the hospice care unit of St. Christopher’s Hospital, co-authored with Irene Higginson, and Li Xiaomei, Zhu Ping, Li Fan and Liu Duanluan led 46 elite colleagues in the hospice care industry in China to jointly translate (to adapt to the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary characteristics of the book) the book palliative care for non-cancer patients. It describes the difficult course of hospice care concept and action advocated by Saunders from initial germination to worldwide popularity, and also describes the difficult butterfly change of hospice palliative care from exclusive service for cancer patients to universal benefit for all chronic patients (such as heart, lung, liver and kidney failure, severe blood diseases, gradual freezing and other neurodegenerative diseases, AIDS, serious and rare diseases of children and adolescents). After reading this book, people will deeply feel that the opening, construction and perfection of modern hospice and palliative medical system are the greatest medical benefits born of cancer and chronic diseases.

British nurse Saunders who established the hospice ward (Source: stchristophers.org.uk)

Palliative care for non-cancer patients, by Julia and Irene, translated by Li Xiaomei and Zhu Ping, Science Press, 2023 (Source: dangdang.com).

In the initial hospice ward, there were mainly patients with advanced cancer, who suffered from physical and mental pain, shivering in the eyes of death and crying to the sky. The focus of palliative care is no longer to exterminate cancer cells, but to dispel physical and mental pain, gain insight into the end-of-life counseling of death, and improve the dignity and quality of life. People often say that the highest state of life is "come crying (be born) and go laughing (die)", but it is not easy to really be on the cliff of life and death without shaking your feet. In the late stage of cancer, it is a narrow road to meet death. just visiting, who heard the footsteps of death approaching, must pierce the window paper as soon as possible, so that patients and their relatives can accept the unexpected encounter of death. Montaigne, a French writer who was tortured to death by lithiasis, once said heroically: It is better to stop and invite death to drink a cup of bitter wine than to be chased by death.

Ten years ago, the authoritative website of British Medical Journal published a wonderful article entitled "Death from cancer is the best death". The author is Richard Smith, the former editor-in-chief of the journal. Compared with the mentality of ordinary people talking about cancer discoloration (in essence, talking about death discoloration), his views are shocking. Because compared with sudden death without saying goodbye, cancer death may be more elegant, and it is a death benefit exclusively for cancer patients. From diagnosis to death, there is at least three months, and most people have a buffer period of more than one year. It is a prepared death, and there is enough time to arrange their last time, wave goodbye to my relatives, say goodbye in heaven and reflect on life. Leave your last words to your family and friends, and maybe you will have time to go to your favorite place, read some favorite poems, listen to your favorite music, and make all the preparations for the last moment. In Smith’s view, romantic death is love, morphine (powerful analgesic) and good wine, instead of forcing ambitious oncologists to waste a lot of money trying to cure cancer, which will make cancer death worse. The most terrible death is the kind of life that depends on modern medical technology, the kind of endless lingering. In the name of Hippocrates, doctors created one of the most exquisite and elegant tortures for human beings: the delay of slow illness and slow death.

Richard smith, former editor-in-chief of British Medical Journal.

Hospice palliative care, also known as hospice care, is a shift of attention, concern, care and clinical work focus between doctors and relatives, from coping with diseases to coping with pain, including symptomatic solutions to physical pain: pain relief, cough relief, antiemesis, itching relief, spasmolysis and asthma relief, nursing of fever, swelling reduction, skin bedsore and oral ulcer, improvement of weak nutrition, and community situation and emergency situation. The list of work is detailed in the book, which is not only of guiding value to occupational medical care, but also of guiding significance to the family members (that is, non-professional caregivers) who are taking care of at home. It also introduces the life care of the whole person’s pain and the spiritual comfort method of parting. At this time, although life cannot be healed, life can be respected, inquired and cared for, giving new meaning to life. The transfer of hospice care purpose brings about the change and adjustment of ideas. The object of intervention is not just a simple body, but a whole person; Intervention means are not just medicine, injections and surgery, but stories and narratives, music and drama, life review and reconstruction of life meaning. Clinical thinking is no longer confined to the intervention of biotechnology, but extends to life care, individual dignity and quality of life. What is worth cherishing is the discussion of ethical topics in hospice care, especially the problem of fairness and justice in the allocation of medical resources, and the detailed discussion of social, cultural and psychological projection of various symptoms in hospice care and cross-cultural care, which not only broadens the field of vision, but also closely follows the practice, and the content is not empty or informal.

Undoubtedly, cancer is only one of many chronic diseases. Human beings have entered the era of chronic diseases because of their super longevity. Its basic feature is that medicine and medical treatment are experiencing unprecedented incompetence, powerlessness, ineffectiveness and helplessness. First of all, more and more chronic diseases are treated, and the war model of diagnosis and treatment fails. The pathogenic factors (enemies) are not limited to external bacteria and viruses, but more are internal life stalls, immune out of control, dysfunction, psychological disorder, loss of value, weightlessness of soul, and life out of focus-frustration. It is necessary to get out of the trenches and put down fighting thinking; Secondly, the course of chronic diseases is getting longer and longer, and the alternative model of diagnosis and treatment (technical survival) encounters the dilemma of high cost, low quality of life, maintenance of physical function and mental decline; Third, the disease is becoming more and more difficult, and the medical performance is declining (ineffective medical treatment is obvious): quick cure and quick recovery to slow cure and slow recovery, and then to no cure and no recovery, from quick death (sudden death) to slow death (relying on a complicated life support system to survive), and then to neither death nor life (unconscious, dignified and quality-free survival); Fourthly, the body-mind-society-spirit representation of the disease is becoming more and more stereoscopic, and the role of the doctor is changing silently, from the rescuer to the companion, comforter and witness, bidding farewell to the obsession of never giving up, moving towards the acceptance and openness of death, ending the dependence and moving towards a good death (a good death); Fifth, psychological, social and spiritual weights are getting heavier and heavier, and medical intervention is turning, from drugs and scalpels to language, picture books (life and death narration) and music (looking back at youth and looking forward to heaven) to realize psychological comfort (consciousness) and spiritual comfort (liberation); Sixth,The purpose of medicine is changing quietly, from safety and well-being to tranquility, serenity and settlement, concluding the legacy of love, turning cold death into warm love arrival, and realizing both life and death in farewell, love, apology, thanks and love.

Hospice care at St. Christopher’s Hospital (Source: stchristophers.org.uk)

Hospice care at St. Christopher’s Hospital (Source: stchristophers.org.uk)

Regarding the evolution of the concept of hospice care in the era of chronic diseases, there are some basic principles worth spreading and letting the world know and agree. First of all, the irreversible process of life failure and death can only be alleviated by any medical intervention, but it can’t be cured. There is a huge gap between it and the reversible disease, the psychological expectation that it can regain vitality and reach rehabilitation through intervention. The pathological features of aging and the end of life are the degeneration of organs, tissues and cells, rather than alienation and disproportionation, which are mainly manifested in functional degeneration, behavioral withdrawal and intellectual degeneration, leading to disorder, disability, amnesia, loss of emotion and will, loss of personality and dignity. Modern medicine prides itself on the failure of the war model of etiology control and the substitute model of functional improvement, and the palliative, tranquil and palliative medical model appears. Secondly, there is a huge gap between physical pain and the core of human pain. Pain is not pain, and pain relief is not soothing. The primary intervention of hospice care is full analgesia (symptomatic treatment). Its advanced intervention is caring: attention, concern, concern and empathy, which is the psychological decompression of the concentration of talking and listening. You say it, I am listening carefully, and I have had this pain experience … Advocating a dialogue between doctors and patients on pain experience. Thirdly, healing is not dignity, and the primary goal of hospice care is to pursue etiological improvement, while the advanced goal is to safeguard the life dignity of patients and help patients and their families rediscover the meaning of life. Fourthly, in the end-stage palliative care, the dual-track paradigm of technology and humanities and the simple paradigm of technical intervention are judged. Here, treatment is no longer killing and repairing.It is caring and caring, and its primary vision is to focus on disinfection and repair. Etiology, pathogenesis and symptomatic treatment can eliminate the cause and restore disability, but they cannot cope with dementia, frustration, disqualification and disrespect. The advanced vision of treatment is to focus on the improvement of the whole person’s situation and quality of life, and to implement the whole person’s care and care. Fifth, there are many cognitive biases in the end-stage physical and mental intervention. Psychological intervention is not spiritual comfort, the former is the relief of psychological symptoms and the dilution of negative psychological motivation, and the latter is spiritual comfort and the ultimate care. Sixth, there are also cognitive misunderstandings in the process and meaning of death. Physical death is not the whole person’s death (which can’t cover sociological death), and mortuary is not the end of life journey. The early task of death counseling is to face the warning and interpretation of death crisis, and the later task is to recognize the meaning of death, maintain tension between refusing death and accepting death, controlling death and excessive intervention, and help patients and their families to be open-minded about life and death and conclude a legacy of love. Finally, communication between doctors and patients in palliative care is not doctor-patient communication. Communication training only increases the affinity of communication between doctors and patients and nurses through language improvement, while communication training expands the depth and abundance of communication between doctors and patients and nurses through empathy training, integrates into patients’ life and life experience, and improves the quality of life.

In the hospice care unit, doctors and nurses have to deal with all kinds of complicated difficulties at the end of their lives. Traditional medicines, needles and scalpels are of course important, but they also need the devotion of humanity and the nourishment of humanity, including companionship, witness, comfort and settlement. Among them, companionship and witness are the advanced circumstances of care. Doctors and nurses are not only present, but also their personality charm brings hope and human light to patients and experiences "being with angels" (tasting divinity). Medical care witnesses the existence of a weak life and the suffering of a vicious disease. "I know that you are suffering, I can touch and feel your suffering, and I can pay attention to and understand how difficult it is for you now." It is not difficult to imagine that patients and elders are often trapped in emotional loneliness, language loneliness and meaning loneliness because of the sharp contraction of social relations, and feel that they will become "lonely souls and wild ghosts", and they will live without belief support. At this time, they need more determined eyes, loving language and body language to secretly deliver life energy (empowerment). Comfort in palliative care is often a miraculous force, just like the spring breeze blowing the body and mind, which is carried out at four levels: first, physical comfort, such as hugging and touching the forehead, managing the living situation, trimming the margins (haircut, shaving, bathing, changing underwear), recovering life confidence and identity and dignity; The second is language comfort: intimate words, private words, life course review and dignity therapy; Third, psychological comfort, dissolve the psychological knot, and call back distant family ties; Fourth, spiritual comfort, life education, suffering, death counseling, dignity and belief therapy, and reconciliation with nature and the world after death. Undoubtedly,Care at the end of life is a systematic project that constantly updates its connotation, and needs multiple coordination and support. First, it is the four-all cognition of peaceful care, that is, to establish the thinking of caring for the whole family, community, general practitioner, team and whole process; Secondly, it is the support of blood and affection to overcome the companionship fatigue of "no dutiful son before a long hospital bed"; Third, the social and emotional support beyond consanguinity (empathy and empathy), to maximize the mobilization of social workers and volunteers to participate in hospice care; Fourth, the professional value support of hospice care team, such as constructing continuous professional behavior driven by virtue and bioethics, overcoming empathic exhaustion and job burnout; Fifth, caring financial support, overcoming the utilitarian thinking of curative effect. At present, patients and their families generally have the psychology of giving up without hope of healing, unwilling to spend money to improve their dignity and quality of life, and long-term care consumes limited health insurance and medical resources, which is difficult to guarantee continuously; Sixth, social care financing: internationally, there is a dichotomy, that is, medical insurance and long-term care insurance are operated separately, and the resources for etiological treatment are gradually transferred to caring resources for hospice care.

Hospice care in China (source: baidu. com)

Hospice care in China (source: baidu. com)

In all fairness, China’s hospice care is still in a difficult climbing stage, with technical and resource bottlenecks easily broken and concept and system bottlenecks hard to get rid of. Nowadays, not only patients with terminal cancer have not fully entered the hospice palliative medical channel, but also dare not expect non-cancer patients to enjoy the welfare of hospice care. However, the frame and road map of hospice and palliative care carefully described by Julia and Irene are very detailed, and the road signs and objectives are very clear, which undoubtedly adds confidence and strength to our future journey of hospice and palliative care. I think that as long as the whole society really pays attention to death as the "terminal welfare" of life, there will be showers of wealth and wisdom coming simultaneously, which will moisten the hospice and ease the medical cause and make it a towering tree.

Let’s hope that this day will come soon.

(palliative care for non-cancer patients, by Julia and Irene, translated by Li Xiaomei and Zhu Ping, presided by Li Fan and Liu Duanmao, Science Press, 2023).

 

Original title: The New Issue of Reading | Wang Yifang: Welfare of Diseases

Read the original text

24-hour bookstore enriches wuhan nightlife. You have a good place to stay up late reading.

Citizens read books in a 24-hour bookstore. Intern Peng Hua, reporter Yang Taoshe

  In November 2014, Zall Bookstore launched a 24-hour business mechanism of "culture does not close", waiting for people to read books every cold or hot night. At that time, Zall was the first 24-hour bookstore in Wuhan. In recent years, the 24-hour bookstore in Wuhan has added Jiuqiu Library and Boshihui City Study, enriching the cultural nightlife in Wuhan.

  24-hour bookstore is a night reader.

  Provide a quiet place for reading

  "There will be many interesting things happening at night." Luna is the manager of Jiuqiu Library, which is located in Dongsan Road, Fruit Lake, Wuchang District. It opened on January 25, 2016 and has been open since then.

  On the 18th, she told reporters that the biggest feeling of working at night shift is to find that there are really many people who love learning. There used to be an old man who rode an old bicycle every night and went back around 6: 00 in the morning. He studied English here all night. There are often some students from Wu Da University here, and he will ask them for advice. A girl from Wu Da University specially prepares study materials for this grandfather, and she will put them here the next day for the clerk to hand over to him.

  On the 18th, a young girl was watching a video with headphones, and there was a book full of notes in front of her. The post-90s girl who was preparing for the exam as a certified public accountant usually came over after work and talked about her views on this 24-hour bookstore. The girl said, "People who stay up late need this kind of store very much."

  Unattended libraries can "brush their faces" to borrow books

  On July 12th this year, the 24-hour city study room on the first floor of Boshihui International Plaza in Jiang ‘an District opened to welcome guests, which is located near Sanyang Road subway station. There is no librarian in the museum, and citizens can enter the museum at any time, "brush their faces", and apply for certificates and borrow books by themselves. This is the first unattended intelligent library in Wuhan. Since opening up, it has become a popular punching point for citizens.

  On the 18th, the reporter visited this intelligent library. At about 9 pm that day, a floor-to-ceiling transparent glass study room on the left side of the lobby on the first floor of the building was lit with yellowish light. There is a face recognition access control system at the door. When you enter the library for the first time, you need to swipe your ID card. There is a self-service borrowing and returning card machine in the tube, which can handle the reader’s ID card and complete face registration and WeChat binding. Later, you can enter the library without a card, and you can "brush your face" to borrow and return books by yourself.

  Ms. Mei, who passed by here at night, picked out five books, put them in the sensing place, and the machine began to recognize faces. In less than 10 seconds, the screen showed that five books were successfully borrowed at the same time. The mobile phone also received a message from WeChat prompting the successful borrowing. "Very convenient." Ms. Mei said that after the library opened, she would come here every other week or so, and if she had time, she would read here for a while.

  24-hour bookstore enriches the function of city night

  In recent years, wuhan nightlife has become increasingly diversified. In addition to consumption and entertainment at night, the opening of 24-hour bookstores and other cultural places has provided people with new choices and enriched the city’s night functions.

  At about 10 pm on the 17th, Mr. Deng, who lives near Zall Bookstore, wanted to go to the movies, but when he passed by the bookstore, he saw the lights on in the store and chose to go into the bookstore. "Watching movies is more of a social need. It will be better to go with friends, and it will be more enjoyable to read when you are alone." In 2013, Zall Bookstore opened in Wuhan and noticed that many readers had no time during the day and could only come at night. In 2014, Zall Bookstore started the 24-hour business mechanism of "culture does not close" and became the first 24-hour bookstore in Wuhan.

  On the 17th, when talking about the original intention of Zall Bookstore’s 24-hour opening, Ms. Gao, the manager, told the reporter that the 24-hour bookstore provided a choice and place for those who only had time to quiet down and study at night. 24-hour bookstore will not bring much benefit, but it is a functional existence, and there will always be people who need it, which is a useful supplement to the cultural construction of the city.

  Feng Guilin, a researcher at Hubei Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the more convenient the cultural facilities are for the public, the more diverse the forms and contents, and the more diverse the needs of various groups. This is not only a promotion for a city’s function, but also a guide, which can better improve citizens’ civilization quality.

  Trainee reporter Li Huizi

Observation variety: Although the story is good-looking, don’t lose the sense of reality.

  Hu Xiang

  Recently, observation variety shows have become more and more popular. In the second season of "Exciting offer", the camera is aimed at the legal elites who have just entered the workplace, showing their process of upgrading and cracking monsters, from youth to maturity. Under the same roof, the observed people are a group of strange young people who live together in an apartment. The program hits the pain point that young people are too busy to socialize, can’t socialize, and dare not socialize, causing heated discussion. Why does this vertically subdivided observation variety show repeatedly break the circle? This is related to their omniscient and omnipotent perspective of God and the constant self-evolution of internal narrative.

  Two-layer narrative theory and web synthesis version 2.0

  Genette, a structuralist narrator, put forward a double-layer narrative theory. This division theory holds that the first narrative of literary works is an external story, which focuses on presenting the whole work; The second layer is internal narrative, focusing on sharing internal stories. Therefore, the double-layer narrative structure can be divided into internal and external narrative perspectives. The external perspective focuses on explaining the narrative from the internal perspective, while the internal perspective focuses on strengthening the authenticity of the story and promoting the plot development. This theory is suitable for observing variety shows. The internal narrative is the story of the observed object, and the external narrative is the off-site comments of the star guests. Internal narrative is responsible for creating suspense and conflict, while external narrative is a discussion field of values, which complement each other and advance together. This is forming a relatively fixed variety show mode, which is constantly evolving.

  From its development history, such programs as My Boy, My Daughter and My Wife’s Romantic Travel can be called Version 1.0, which is characterized by taking stars as the observation objects and mainly satisfying the audience’s interest in the personal life of stars. However, the second season of Exciting offer and Under One Roof are version 2.0. The observed objects are amateurs, and the observation tentacles also extend from single interpersonal relationship to a broader workplace and social field, with further innovation in narrative, and the biggest feature is to strengthen its storytelling.

  With the advent of the Internet age, storytelling has been promoted to a great extent, and the principle of "content is king" has become more prominent. In order to satisfy the audience’s thirst for stories, platforms and creators have almost racked their brains, whether they are long videos, medium videos or short videos, they are all pursuing a sense of story. Hot pot dramas, dinner dramas and interactive dramas emerge one after another, and variety shows follow the trend and embark on the track of storytelling.

  For example, "Under One Roof" is a true record of social stories of six strangers in a closed space on the surface, but it is actually an idol drama-style narrative. With the plot of the variety show, the characters’ behavior can also see the shadow of the script behind them, which is more dramatic on the whole. This is no longer a pure record approaching the truth of life, but more like a dramatic performance purified in life, which makes people feel a sense of being difficult to distinguish between true and false.

  The editing techniques in the second season of "Exciting offer" follow the rhythm of legal drama. Many people lament that Li Jinye is like He Yichen himself in "How to Shengxiao Mo", and the audience has a strong empathy with the characters. Some people think that story telling is a cognitive game, which can exercise our minds and let us simulate the world around us and imagine different strategies, especially in social scenes. The audience can also feel the pursuit of drama when watching variety shows, which is the charm brought by storytelling.

  Inversion, Story Sense and God’s Perspective

  The original intention of Under One Roof is to simulate a social scene and solve the social emotional needs of young people in the current fast-paced urban life. The characters selected in the program are very representative, including Liu Keli, a young boss who is busy starting a business, Li Hsing, a moat brother who realizes financial freedom, Chu Mengna who pursues the dream of an actor, and Wang Tianqi, a migrant worker who works in a fashion shop. At the beginning of the program, Liu Keli’s overbearing president’s manner, Wang Tianqi and Chu Mengna’s fireworks at street food stalls, and the mysterious e-sports professionals’ daily life were all the highlights that attracted people’s attention, because they all had a dual effect of being both real and dramatic. In particular, Wang Tianqi’s identity as a "rich second generation" from an idle worker was completely in line with the imagination of drama reversal, and the "between Li Hsing and Liu Keli and Chen Liuming" Therefore, "Under One Roof" is essentially a genre-based narrative of idol drama. In a space, it is in contact with young people from almost all walks of life and all walks of life, temporarily getting rid of the shackles of mediocre life, and seems to restart life and have a sense of fantasy.

  In contrast, the second season of "Exciting offer" is more realistic. This season, the assessment mechanism of interns is more cruel, and the "kicking the pavilion" link is introduced, and two interns with relatively backward performance are really eliminated. Interns have also gone through legal negotiation, public welfare legal aid, investigation and evidence collection, 1V1 debate and mock trial trial. Every time, their tasks are getting heavier, and "involution" is becoming more and more intense. In particular, Hui Ding’s internship in naked resignation in pursuit of a lawyer’s dream has been dubbed "Bei Shuihui", which is regarded by netizens as a portrayal of migrant workers’ workplace, thus attracting a lot of attention. "Bei Shuihui" was "at the bottom" from the beginning of the interview to the first project task, and from the second debate began to counterattack, resulting in a sense of gap. Wang Xiao, known as "Sister Wang", took the initiative to break the aura of famous schools from the "favored son of heaven" who graduated from Stanford Law School, and the gradual mature transformation also made people feel emotional. Another example is Qiu Yi’s "slow fever" from the beginning, and her bold decision in the negotiations later made people look at each other with new eyes.

  The program group just grasped the details of these changes and created a sense of story through "conscious" editing, as if letting the audience watch an eye-catching and thrilling legal industry drama. At the same time, with the advancement of the program, interns need to peel off the cold texture of legal provisions, personally explore the strong collision impact between human feelings and jurisprudence, reality and dreams in the society, feel the sense of powerlessness brought about by hard reality crushing in tears and loss, and regain their confidence and shine with the encouragement and help of teachers and friends. As robert mckee said in The Story, the story is not an escape from reality, but a carrier that carries us to pursue reality and try our best to dig out the true meaning of chaotic life.

  In addition, the guest comments on the observation variety show ostensibly provide God’s perspective, which is actually an important part of building a sense of story. The internal narrative of the observation variety is very similar to the phantom on the wall in the cave described by Plato in the Republic. It is a simulation of reality and has always been separated from reality. Guest comment time is like the role of bringing cave people into the real world. The lights are on and all the discussions are held in the sun. Moreover, when the guests expressed their views, they provided many stories with their own life experiences, including positive and negative experiences and lessons. For example, if you should take the co-pilot when accompanying the leader in the car, and how to break the social deadlock when you first enter the workplace, guests can often provide a more mature value concept. Many netizens said on the barrage that "get new skills", which is also a shortcut to "exercise your mind". Through the blending of internal and external narratives, it reflects the broad social reality, and promotes the story from the internal perspective to the output of values from the external perspective. This is the secret of the advanced narrative expression of observation variety.

  The reality show was made into an idol drama?

  Human beings’ pursuit of stories is eternal, and it is understandable that observation variety shows strengthen the sense of stories, but this will easily lead to the paradox of authenticity. The biggest feature of observation variety is truth, especially now the observation variety which is mainly amateur has become an important direction, that is, to tell more stories of ordinary people, but like Under the Same Roof, it really walks between reality and fiction. On the one hand, I want to create the texture of real life, on the other hand, especially in the second half of the program, the sense of plot design is becoming more and more obvious.

  For example, after Wang Tianqi and Chu Mengna went to the movies on a rainy day, they quarreled emotionally. Mona complained that Wang Tianqi was not considerate enough to cry, and the close-up shots in lines and actions were skillfully switched, and the sensational music was followed up in time. It was simply a replica of the idol drama around 2000, and the barrage was full of spit.

  For another example, Wu Jiawen and Li Hsing have been having an affair for a long time, but suddenly they turned him down on the grounds that she likes people with a sense of youth. In the next issue of the program, a 20-year-old basketball player who is 1.9 meters tall and full of a sense of youth immediately appeared, and they had a "love triangle". No wonder netizens think that Wu Jiawen is a "tool person" and the program has thus become a "blind date program". If the hypothetical sense of drama is not well grasped, the realism created by the whole program will be greatly reduced, which will hurt the quality of the program.

  Since the development of network observation variety, it has formed a stable expression paradigm and established its own advantages, especially its keen capture of young people’s lives, lively and free expression and moderate storytelling, which have deeply attracted young audiences. In fact, some traditional TVs are learning this mode now, but they have not learned the characteristics of networking, which leads to the good values of the program, but the communication effect is not satisfactory.

  In the future, network variety shows must understand the double-edged sword of "truth and hypothesis", try to extend the tentacles of observation into the varied society and describe the style of the times, so as to observe the truth, taste and wisdom.