标签： 南京龙凤网

Entrapped anti-influenza drugs

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:With freehand brushwork biotech (Biotech(ID：TXYBiotech), Author: Yang Yi, original title: "Anti-influenza drugs and market analysis", title map from: vision china.

The ugly SARS-CoV-19 has not been completely conquered by human beings, and the lingering influenza virus has begun to wreak havoc again. The struggle between human beings and viruses is like this."Scientific Progress-Virus Variation and Drug Resistance"It spirals up in this cycle. The periodic spread of seasonal influenza virus makes the importance of anti-influenza drug development stand out again.

Oseltamivir, which went on the market 24 years ago, is still the mainstay of anti-influenza drugs. Although the first new drug, Baloshavir, enriched the team of anti-influenza drugs, it went on the market five years ago. After learning the cruelty of SARS-CoV-19 virus, people need to make a breakthrough in the development of influenza drugs.

I. Classification of seasonal influenza

Seasonal influenza（Seasonal influenza）It is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus prevalent all over the world. There are four types of seasonal influenza viruses, A, B, C and D.(Chinese corresponds to influenza A, B, C and D). Influenza A and B viruses spread and cause seasonal epidemics.（seasonal epidemics）.

According to the hemagglutinin on the surface of the virus（HA， hemagglutinin）And neuraminidase（NA， neuraminidase）The combination of influenza A virus is further divided into different subtypes. At present, subtype A is transmitted among humans.（H1N1）And a（H3N2）Influenza virus. A（H1N1）Influenza virus is also written as A.（H1N1）Pdm09, because it caused a pandemic in 2009, replaced the seasonal influenza A spread before 2009.（H1N1）Viruses.

Only influenza A virus is known to cause a pandemic at present. Influenza B virus is not classified into subtypes, but can be classified into lineages. The currently popular influenza B virus belongs to B/Yamagata or B/Victoria pedigree. The detection frequency of influenza C virus is low, which usually causes mild infection, so it is not of public health importance. Influenza D virus mainly affects cattle and does not infect or cause human diseases.[1]

Second, influenza treatment

Seasonal flu patients without complications, if they have symptoms, stay at home and do their bit to reduce the spread of the virus. By means of self-monitoring, we can decide whether to seek medical treatment.

Patients suffering from serious or progressive clinical diseases related to influenza, that is, pneumonia, septicemia or clinical syndrome aggravated by chronic basic diseases, should receive antiviral drugs as soon as possible. The most common anti-influenza drugs are neuraminidase inhibitors.（Neuraminidase inhibitors）Oseltamivir（oseltamivir）. Ideally, it should be taken within 48 hours of symptoms to maximize the curative effect. It is recommended to treat for at least 5 days, but it can be extended until the clinical improvement is satisfactory.

It should be noted that corticosteroids should not be used for influenza.(corticosteroid, such as prednisone, cortisone, hydrocortisone, etc.)Unless there are other reasons.(e.g. asthma and other specific conditions)Because corticosteroids may lead to prolonged virus clearance time and double infection of bacteria or fungi caused by immunosuppression.

At present, all popular influenza viruses are resistant to adamantane antiviral drugs.(Adamantane antivirals, such as amantadine and rimantadine)Because of their drug resistance, these drugs are not recommended for monotherapy.[1]

Third, anti-influenza drugs

The main anti-influenza drugs are divided into adamantane, neuraminidase inhibitors and polymerase inhibitors.(Table 1).[2]　There are four kinds of anti-influenza drugs approved by FDA recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Rapivab. （peramivir），Relenza（zanamivir），Tamiflu （oseltamivir phosphate）And Xofluza（baloxavir marboxil）.[3]

Table 1. Antiinfluenza drugs

1. Neuraminidase inhibitors（Neuraminidase inhibitors）　

Neuraminidase inhibitor（NAI）Targeted neuraminidase（NA）Glycoprotein, which is second only to hemagglutinin in human body.（HA）The most abundant surface glycoprotein. Neuraminidase inhibitors can achieve antiviral effect by inhibiting the emergence of new virus particles in host cells and preventing the enzyme activity necessary for virus transmission.[4]

The four most common neuraminidase inhibitors are oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir and laninamivir.(Figure 1).

Fig. 1. Common neuraminidase inhibitors and their molecular structures.

Although their structures are similar, there are obvious differences in treatment schemes, routes of administration and drug resistance. The most widely used neuraminidase inhibitor is oseltamivir.(Trade name: Tamiflu)The treatment plan for adults is 75mg twice a day for 5 days. Due to zanamivir(trade name Relenza)The oral bioavailability of is low.（<5%）Therefore, it is approved as an inhalation drug, 5mg each time, twice a day for 5 days.

In 2019, intravenous zanamivir(trade name Dectova)Authorized by the European Union to be used under special circumstances.(e.g. in case of resistance to other anti-influenza drugs). Efforts to increase bioavailability and half-life have led to peramivir.(Trade name: Rapivab/Rapiacta/PeramiFlu)Development of, by intravenous infusion with a single dose of 600mg; And ranimivir (trade name Inavir), a more persistent neuraminidase inhibitor, showed therapeutic effect after a single nasal inhalation dose.[5] Paramivir and Ranimivir are allowed to be used in a few countries around the world, while oseltamivir and zanamivir are more widely approved geographically.

Different neuraminidase inhibitors show different efficacy, which mainly depends on the subtype/pedigree of influenza virus that infects patients.For example, oseltamivir versus A（H1N1）, a（H3N2）And the seasonal uncomplicated influenza caused by influenza A and B virus is more effective. However, the effect of antiviral therapy may be limited by the resistance of influenza virus to neuraminidase inhibitors. Different neuraminidase inhibitors have different drug resistance.

In view of the drug resistance of common neuraminidase inhibitors, people are now focusing on emerging drugs in research. At least two new neuraminidase inhibitors and one neuraminidase blocker are in the first and second development stages.

HNC042(Guangzhou Hengnuokang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. and Heilongjiang Zhenbaodao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)In preclinical studies, it showed effective inhibitory activity against wild-type and oseltamivir-resistant NA-H274Y virus. HNC042 showed good safety, tolerability and linear pharmacokinetics in phase I trials in the United States.Learning (NCT04603989). HNC042 is used to prevent and treat influenza, especially for critically ill patients who need hospitalization.

AV5080(ChemRar, Russia, Viriom, USA, Figure 2)The preclinical evaluation revealed the activity against a variety of influenza viruses, including oseltamivir-resistant strains. Oral AV5080 shows good physicochemical and metabolic characteristics and good pharmacokinetic characteristics in animals.[6]

Fig. 2. chemical structure of a new neuraminidase inhibitor drug candidate AV5080.

CD388 (Cidora Therapeutics Inc., USA)It is a long-acting neuraminidase blocker, and its structure is obtained by coupling neuraminidase of influenza virus to human antibody fragment.(Fc）Proprietary variants of the domain, so as to achieve two completely different and complementary mechanisms.(Figure 3). This new method of preventing and treating virus infection is expected to provide universal protection throughout the flu season. By targeting highly conserved virus areas, CD388 can potentially protect individuals from all influenza strains, including seasonal and pandemic influenza A, influenza B and major drug-resistant viruses with clinical characteristics.（NCT05523089）.

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of CDD components. (Source: CIDARA Therapeutics)


2. Polymerase inhibitors（Polymerase Inhibitors）　

Influenza virus RNA polymerase is very important for virus gene transcription and genome replication, which makes it the main goal of targeted drug design. They are highly conserved among influenza A, B, C and D viruses.[7] Influenza virus RNA polymerase consists of three subunits: polymerase basic protein 1 in influenza A and B viruses. （PB1）Polymerase basic protein 2（PB2）And polymerase acidic protein.（PA）Or polymerase 3 protein in influenza viruses C and D.(P3) (Figure 4).

Fig. 4. Virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex model. In vRNP, the 5′ and 3′ ends of genomic antisense virus RNA (vRNA) fragment are bound by heterotrimeric RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and the rest of vRNA is wrapped by nucleoprotein (NP). The complex is twisted into an antiparallel double helix structure, and its structure is maintained by the contact between NP monomers. The vRNA forms a loop opposite to the polymerase binding end 6. (Source: Nature)

The active sites of polymerase that bind, cleave and extend RNA are conserved in various types of influenza viruses, which is why RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is considered as the target of antiviral agents. Recently, several polymerase inhibitors have been developed for each subunit, including PB1 inhibitor favipiravir, PB2 inhibitor pimodivir and PA inhibitor baloxavir marboxil (Figure 5).

Among them, baloxavir marboxil is a relatively new drug, which belongs to hat-dependent endonuclease inhibitor.（cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor， CENI）, a new anti-influenza drug with a new mechanism of action initiated in recent 20 years, was developed by Shionogi.（Shionogi）First developed by Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., there is no equivalent generic drug, which has been proved to have similar symptom relief time and greater viral load reduction for healthy adults and oseltamivir.[8]　A retrospective study shows that baloxavir marboxil may reduce the hospitalization rate compared with neuraminidase inhibitors.[9]

Fig. 5. Chemical structure of anti-influenza drugs of RNA polymerase inhibitors.

The drug resistance of Baloxavir marboxil, Favipiravir and Pimodivir and other defects highlight the need to develop other polymerase targeting molecules that can widely inhibit influenza A and B viruses.

Pre-clinical studies on various PB2-targeted small molecules are under way.[10]　At least one of them（CC-42344） In the first stage（NCT05202379）, the other one（ZSP1273）In the third stage of research(NCT04024137) (Figure 7). Substitutes for nucleoside inhibitors of Favipiravir, such as molnupiravir.(Figure 6)Because it is effective against various RNA viruses, it may be beneficial to the treatment of influenza, but they may also have teratogenic side effects similar to Favipiravir, so Merck, its developer, finally gave up the development of influenza viruses and turned to Covid-19 for treatment.The development of PB1 inhibitors based on nucleoside and non-nucleoside is in preclinical stage.[11]　But there is no clinical trial at present.

Baloxavir marboxil obviously provides a broad idea for developing polymerase inhibitor anti-influenza drugs, and many patents and in vitro studies focus on compounds or variants of Baloxavir marboxil skeleton.[12] Although some of them have shown promising in vitro efficacy and pharmacodynamics in mice,[13]　However, candidate drugs such as AL-749 did not pass the Phase I test.

Cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor TG-1000 (Dongyangguang Pharmaceutical)And GP681(Jiangxi Qingfeng and Yinxingshu Pharmaceutical Co-developed)Recently completed the second phase of the experiment.（NCT04706468、NCT04736758), and the recruitment of ZX-7101A phase 1 research is under way.（NCT05217732）. Various small molecules and peptides that disrupt the important protein-protein interaction between components of polymerase complex, including the key contact between PA and PB1 or between PB1 and PB2, are in the preclinical development stage.[14]

Fig. 6. Chemical structure of a new polymerase inhibitor molnupiravir.

Fourth, the global market of anti-influenza drugs

According to the latest report released by Growth Plus Reports, the global influenza drug market is expected to reach US$ 1.51 billion by 2030, and it will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 4.8% during the forecast period. The number of influenza cases increases sharply every year, which is expected to promote the sustained growth of the influenza drug market.[15]

North America accounts for most of the global influenza drug market.The high diagnosis rate of influenza, the wider basis of drug discovery and development, the wide availability of treatment methods, and the more significant medical expenditure contribute to the dominant position of influenza drugs in the North American market. The Asia-Pacific region has the second largest market share of influenza drugs in the world. The high prevalence rate, the government’s measures to control diseases, and the increase in health care expenditure have affected this growth.

Due to the increasing incidence of diseases and the existence of considerable influenza-related risk factors in the general population, it is expected that the European market will also see significant growth. NCBI(National Biotechnology Information Center)According to a new study, there are 27,600 respiratory deaths related to seasonal influenza in 28 EU countries every winter, of which 88% are people over 65. The mortality rate of this age group is about 35 times that of people aged 65 and under.

The main participants in the development and sales of influenza drugs include: Sanofi, Lupin, Teva, Shionogi, Macleods, Alvogen, AstraZaneca, BioCryst, La Roche, Novartis, Vitaris, etc.

V. Summary　

Although it is not as ugly as SARS-CoV-2 virus, influenza virus also kills many people, and treating influenza is still an arduous challenge for human beings. Like other antiviral drugs, the development of influenza drugs faces the difficulty of virus resistance. Baloxavir marboxil is the first new drug, which shows activity against some oseltamivir-resistant strains, and there is no significant difference in safety and effectiveness from the recently known drugs used to treat influenza. The listing of Baloxavir marboxil also brings new opportunities for combined treatment with two drugs with different mechanisms of action. Although this kind of research has not been carried out systematically, it provides a valuable new direction for influenza treatment.

In addition to Baloxavir marboxil, there are many drugs under research at different clinical stages.(Figure 7)They will be optimized in pharmacology, drug resistance, pharmacokinetics, etc., and stand on the shoulders of a few influenza drugs at present to launch a unremitting struggle against influenza virus.

Fig. 7. Overview of anti-influenza drugs in development. (Source: Antiviral Research)

References:

[1] WHO. Influenza (Seasonal). 12， 01， 2023. ↑[] Jones， J. C. et al. Influenza antivirals and their role in pandemic preparedness. Antiviral Research. 2023， 210， 105499.　

[2] Influenza (Flu) Antiviral Drugs and Related Information. FDA. 08， 12， 2022.　　

[3] Monto， A. S. et al. Influenza pandemics: history and lessons learned. Webster， R. G. et al (Eds.)， Textbook of Influenza (2 ed.)， Wiley Blackwell， West Sussex， United Kingdom (2013)， pp. 20-36　　

[4] Sugaya， N. et al. Long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor laninamivir octanoate (CS-8958) versus oseltamivir as treatment for children with influenza virus infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2010， 54， 2575-2582

[5] Ivachtchenko， A. V. et al. Novel oral anti-influenza drug candidate AV5080. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2014， 69， 1892-1902.　　

[6] Peng， Q. et al. Structural insight into RNA synthesis by influenza D polymerase. Nat Microbiol. 2019， 4， 1750–1759.　　

[7] Hayden， F. G. et al. Baloxavir marboxil for uncomplicated influenza in adults and adolescentsN. Engl. J. Med. 2018， 379， 913-923.　

[8] Komeda， T. et al. Comparison of hospitalization incidence in influenza outpatients treated with baloxavir marboxil or neuraminidase inhibitors: a health insur ance claims database studyClin. Infect. Dis.， 2021， 73， e1181-e1190.　

[9] Chen， W. et al.　 Approaches for discovery of small-molecular antivirals targeting to influenza A virus PB2 subunit. Drug Discov. Today. 2022， 27， 1545-1553.　

[10] Hou， L. et al. Contemporary medicinal chemistry strategies for the discovery and optimization of influenza inhibitors targeting vRNP constituent proteins. Acta Pharm. Sin. B. 2022， 12， 1805-1824.　　

[11] Stevaert， A. et al. The influenza virus polymerase complex: an update on its structure， functions， and significance for antiviral drug design. Med. Res. Rev. 2016， 36， 1127-1173.　

[12] Ivashchenko， A. A. et al. Synthesis， inhibitory activity and oral dosing formulation of AV5124， the structural analogue of influenza virus endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2021， 76， 1010-1018.　

[13] Massari， S. et al. Inhibition of influenza virus polymerase by interfering with its protein-protein interactions. ACS Infect. Dis. 2021， 7， 1332-1350.

[14] Influenza Medication Market – Global Outlook & Forecast 2022-2030. Growth Plus. 11， 10， 2022.　

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:With freehand brushwork biotech (Biotech(ID：TXYBiotech), author: Yang Yi

Notice of Jiangsu Provincial Water Resources Department on Publicity of Projects to be Nominated for Jiangsu Science and Technology Award in 2021

According to the Notice of the Provincial Department of Science and Technology on the Nomination of the 2021 Jiangsu Science and Technology Award (Su Ke Cheng Fa [2021] No.73), the project to be nominated by our department for the 2021 Jiangsu Science and Technology Award is now publicized. The contents of publicity include the project name, the person who completed it, the unit who completed it, the project introduction, the catalogue of major intellectual property rights, and the catalogue of representative papers and works. The publicity time is from May 17, 2021 to May 23, 2021.

During the publicity period, if any unit or individual has any objection to the authenticity and content of the publicity project, it can put forward and provide the necessary supporting documents and contact information in writing.

Contact Department: Science and Technology and Foreign Cooperation Department of Jiangsu Provincial Water Resources Department

Associated person: Zhu Zhenrong

Tel: 025-86338127

Address: No.5, Shanghai Road, Nanjing Postal Code: 210029.

Attachment:

The Provincial Water Resources Department plans to nominate the 2021 Jiangsu Science and Technology Award Project.

1. Key technologies and applications of Xingou River diversion project in the core area of Yangtze River Delta.

Project name

Key technology and application of Xingou River diversion project in the core area of Yangtze River Delta

Completed by

Chen Baohua, Zhu Haisheng, Lu Yan, He Yong, Wu Zhong, Shao Yong, Wu Xiaojing, Zhu Qinghua, Kan, john young and Meng Fan.

Completion unit

Jiangsu Taihu Water Conservancy Planning, Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Taihu Lake Governance Engineering Construction Administration, nanjing hydraulic research institute of National Energy Administration of Ministry of Transport of Ministry of Water Resources, Jiangsu Water Conservancy Engineering Construction Bureau, Hohai University, Jiangsu Water Conservancy Survey, Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Yangzhou University and Jiangsu University.

Project introduction

Taihu Lake Basin is located in the core area of the Yangtze River Delta, and water environment management and water security guarantee are the keys to the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Delta region. The main diversion and drainage project of Xingou River is one of the key projects to improve the water environment capacity of Taihu Lake and implement the drainage of basin flood to the Yangtze River in the north. In order to realize the green concepts of land saving, energy saving and environmental protection in engineering construction, the research and application of key technologies in engineering construction are carried out in the aspects of scientific route selection of backbone water diversion and drainage projects, crossing of complex land and water transportation network trunk lines, ecological environment protection of rivers and lakes along the line, node hub pumping station system, and impact analysis countermeasures of urbanization process in engineering areas, and the following innovative achievements have been achieved:

1. In order to effectively deal with the problems of flood control in river basins and regional drainage water safety, improve the water quality of rivers and lakes, reduce pollution into lakes, and inhibit the outbreak of cyanobacteria, a construction scheme of Tongjiangda Lake backbone drainage channel is put forward, which integrates multi-functional requirements such as flood control, water diversion, drainage, navigation and fish crossing. In view of the characteristics of dense plain water network, shortage of land resources and rapid economic growth, the overall river layout with two lines of flood discharge and one line of water diversion is innovatively put forward, as well as the three-dimensional connection mode of control hubs along the line, which is coordinated with flood discharge, water diversion and navigation, to solve the functional requirements of sewage separation and high and low discharge;

2. The Xingou River trunk line water interchange (Xizhihu Port North Hub) adopted six reinforced concrete pipe jacking groups with the largest internal diameter of 4m in China to cross the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and beijing-shanghai railway, developed the precise control technology and construction technology of large-diameter pipe jacking groups, and developed a new T-shaped diaphragm wall and high cantilever composite revetment structure, which solved the construction problem of Xingou River crossing the soft soil foundation of river network and the three-dimensional land-water transportation network.

3. In view of the shortage of land resources, complex river network and water system in the core area of the Yangtze River Delta and the requirements of the Yangtze River Protection for the water quality of the incoming river, the "one area, two ends, one line" ecological environment system management model adapted to the river network waters with strong human activities, and the river network ecological environment restoration technology of estuary+backbone river+capillary branch river+lake "point-line-surface" collection are innovatively put forward, which ensures the water quality of the Yangtze River discharged from Xingou River north and the ecological health of the basin;

4. A new type of bidirectional tubular pump with S-shaped blades and bidirectional inlet and outlet channels were developed, which solved the problem of improving the hydraulic efficiency of the ultra-low-lift bidirectional pump device, and a high-power two-speed motor was developed by using pole-changing technology, which improved the efficiency of the pump unit under the condition of wide variable lift and effectively reduced the energy consumption of the pump unit.

The research results of this project have been applied to the whole process of construction planning, design, construction and management of Xingou River diversion and drainage project, effectively serving the management of water conservancy, transportation, environmental protection and other industries and relevant government decisions, and achieved remarkable results.

This project has been granted 7 invention patents, 4 utility model patents, 3 software copyrights, and published 18 academic papers and 2 monographs. This technological achievement has innovated the key technology of the construction of regional drainage engineering in plain river network, which is of great significance to promoting the scientific and technological progress of water conservancy industry and the economic and social development of Jiangsu Province.

Catalogue of major intellectual property rights

1. Invention patent: a low-lift and large-flow reversible tubular pump with asymmetric SX blades.

2. Invention patent: a method for predicting the necessary cavitation allowance of axial flow pump based on pump device.

3. Invention patent: A composite ecological floating island device for efficiently purifying polluted water.

4. Invention patent: Method for improving flow pattern of diversion hub at tributary mouth of tidal reach.

5. Invention patent: a pier structure at the mouth of the branch of tidal reach.

6. Invention patent: Test method for overall flow pattern model of diversion and drainage hub at tributary entrance of tidal reach.

7. Utility model: large-diameter socket-type reinforced concrete pipe jacking joint.

8. Software copyright: V1.0, a software for calculating surface deformation during pipe jacking construction.

On representative papers

1. Study on Ecological Restoration Scheme of Typical Branches of Xingou River/People’s Pearl River/Zhu Haisheng, He Yong, Wang Yongping, etc.

2. Response of the photosynthetic activity and biomass of the phytoplankton community to increasing nutrients during cyanobacterial blooms in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu/ Water Environment Research/ Wu P, Lu Y, Lu Y, et al.

3. Hydraulic performance analysis of bidirectional vertical axial flow pump device based on CFX/journal of basic science and engineering/john young, Liu Chao, Tang Fangping.

4. Theoretical and experimental study on resistance characteristics of shrub vegetation distribution area/advances in water science/Lu Yan, Wang Weixu, Lu Yongjun, etc.

5. Dynamic deformation and stress of large diameter pipe jacking group and subgrade under the action of moving train/journal of yangtze river scientific research institute/Zhu Qinghua, Zhang Feng, Shao Yong, etc.

Second, the key technology and application of improving the effect of bank slope protection project and construction guarantee in Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River

Project name

Key technology and application of improving the effect of bank slope protection project and construction guarantee in Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River

Completed by

Zhao Gang, Wang Maomei, Dong Azhong, Xu Yi, Chen Gang, Zhu Dadong, Zhu Hao, Shi Yintao, Tan Huiming, Cai Jun, Chen Nan

Completion unit

Jiangsu Institute of Hydraulic Research, Nanjing University of Technology, Hohai University, Shanghai Hydraulic Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Changshu Intercontinental Construction Engineering Co., Ltd.

Project introduction

In recent 20 years, there have been bank collapses in many sections of Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River, and the water level has repeatedly exceeded the warning water level, setting a new record for the highest water level in history, which seriously threatens the flood control safety, shipping safety and river regime stability in our province. River regulation projects such as bank protection and slope protection are the main ways to maintain stability in the rapidly changing area of the Yangtze River regime. Under the background of the great protection of the Yangtze River and the construction of ecological civilization, how to improve the implementation effect of the bank slope protection project and ensure the construction quality of the project is of great significance for maintaining the stability of the coastline and ensuring the safety of flood control.

Based on the research achievements of the joint application unit of this project in the past 10 years, the construction and scientific research units in the industry have carried out multidisciplinary joint technical research, aiming at systematically improving the effect of bank slope protection project and studying the key technologies of construction guarantee in Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River from the aspects of river regime influence mechanism, riprap protection type effect evaluation, riprap construction technology innovation, dike stability safety evaluation and ecological slope protection technology, etc., and achieved the following innovative results:

1. Using high-precision multi-beam scanning system and spatial data superposition analysis method, the evaluation of riprap effect is put forward for the first time.bestThe density of point cloud realizes the accurate evaluation of underwater riprap effect; The model is constructed to predict the anti-scour effect of riprap revetment, and the influence mechanism of riprap revetment protection effect is expounded.

2. The research on the influence of sand mining project on the river regime of the bifurcated reach is extended from a single project to the superposition influence of multiple projects; The superposition influence index of multiple sand mining projects on the diversion ratio of braided river is put forward, and the influence law of multiple sand mining projects on the evolution of braided river is proved. This paper reveals the response mechanism of erosion and deposition changes in a single sand pit to other projects, and puts forward a simulation method to accurately predict the riverbed to reach a stable state.

3. The panoramic view of the dike is obtained by using the sounding technology combining ground penetrating radar and multi-beam, and the complete shape of the dike is constructed by registration; The multi-temporal point cloud of dike is used to analyze the deformation of dike, and the feasibility of using point cloud for dike monitoring is clear. Based on fuzzy system and neural network theory, a deformation-based safety evaluation model of dike engineering is constructed. The deformation analysis software of point cloud is developed, and the three-dimensional change analysis of point cloud and the visual view of the results are realized.

4. The failure mechanism and process of geo-reinforced turf are proved, and the influence law of geo-materials and reinforcement technology on impact resistance is obtained; Through numerical simulation and field test, the erosion variation laws of two kinds of geo-reinforced turf at different flow rates are explained. A water erosion test system was designed to reveal the hydraulic erosion resistance characteristics of mixed turf. The in-situ sampling method of three-dimensional geo-reinforced turf was established, and the combined reinforcement effect of geo-mat, plant root system and soil was expounded.

5. A box-type accurate deep-water positioning and throwing construction ship is designed, which integrates positioning, boxing and throwing, and a circulating throwing process of deep-water riprap anti-scour body is developed. The fixed-point accurate throwing construction of the bed is realized by the linkage control of electric winch, hoist, limit device, sprocket and other structures and power systems.

Catalogue of major intellectual property rights

1. Invention patent: The method of combining ground penetrating radar (GPR) and static sounding instrument (CPT) to survey the amount of dredged fill sand.

2. Invention patent: a method for preparing undisturbed samples of mechanical properties of reinforced plant soil in laboratory test.

3. utility model: single-beam shipboard rapid installation combined device

4. utility model: an omni-directional detection device for underwater sediment scouring depth under piers.

5. Utility model: a tidal value monitoring device.

6. Utility model: a undisturbed layered sediment sampler.

7. Software copyright: GNSS dike deformation monitoring post-processing system V1.0

8. Software copyright: floating mud monitoring system V1.0

9. Software copyright: Leveling adjustment system V1.0

10. Software copyright: point cloud deformation analysis system V1.0

On representative papers

1. Underwater detection technology of water conservancy projects/China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press/Zhao Gang, Wang Maomei, Xu Yi, etc.

2. Theory and Technology of 3D Simulation of Real Trees Based on Point Clouds/Tongji University Press/Shi Yintao

3. Research on spatial index structure of massive point clouds based on hybrid tree/2017 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Big Data Analysis (ICBDA)/ Zhao G, Wang M, Xu Y, et al

4. Underwater Topography Simulation based on Point Cloud from Multi-Beam Sonar/2018 IEEE 4th Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC)/ Zhao G, Shi Y, Wang M, et al.

5. Application of multi-beam sounding combined with sonar technology in underwater appearance disease detection of river embankments/Water conservancy and hydropower technology/Zhao Gang, Wang Maomei, Xu Yi, etc.

Jiangxi cracked down on online rumors, and many people were investigated for criminal responsibility for making rumors in the Hu Mouyu incident.

　　In order to effectively purify the network environment and severely crack down on online rumors according to law, in mid-April, the Network Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security deployed a 100-day special campaign to crack down on online rumors. On July 14, Jiangxi public security organs informed the outside world that since the launch of the special campaign, Jiangxi Province has investigated 92 cases of online rumors, handled 691 people who spread rumors, and cleared up more than 120,000 pieces of online rumor information, effectively maintaining a clear cyberspace environment. At the same time, Jiangxi public security organs announced 10 typical cases of cracking down on Internet rumors, many of whom were investigated for criminal responsibility for making rumors in the Hu Mouyu incident.

　　Case 1: Shangrao public security organs investigated and dealt with the case that Jie Mouwei frequently fabricated online rumors about "Hu Mouyu’s disappearance" according to law.

　　Since December 2022, Shangrao Jiemouwei has frequently posted 167 rumor messages such as "Hu Mouyu’s disappearance has something to do with the principal" and "Hu Mouyu was killed by a bald head" in order to gain traffic, with a total of 3.496 million likes and more than 5,000 comments. After being interrogated by Shangrao public security organs according to law, Jie Mouwei confessed to the facts of illegal crimes. At present, Shangrao public security organs have taken criminal compulsory measures against Jie Mouwei according to law and taken measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　Case 2: Yichun public security organs investigated and dealt with Cao Moulai’s frequent fabrication of online rumors related to "Hu Mouyu’s disappearance".

　　Since November, 2022, Cao Mou from Yichun has frequently posted rumors such as "Hu Mouyu’s body is fake" and "Hu Mouyu’s family was arrested by the public security organs" on the online platform, with a total of 60,000 praises and more than 10,000 comments. After the Jiangxi Joint Work Class reported the investigation, Cao Moulai still ignored the facts and continued to fabricate and spread relevant rumors. In order to gain attention, he took fans to Zhiyuan Middle School in Lead Mountain County to start the live broadcast, disrupting social public order. After being interrogated by Yichun public security organs according to law, Cao Moulai confessed to the facts of illegal crimes. At present, Yichun public security organs have taken criminal compulsory measures against Cao Moulai according to law and taken measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　Case 3: Shangrao public security organs investigated and dealt with Wen Mouxian’s frequent fabrication of online rumors about "Hu Mouyu’s disappearance" according to law.

　　Since January, 2023, Shangrao Wenmou first published a large number of rumors on the online platform, such as "17 people died in Zhiyuan Middle School in Lead Mountain County", "2.6 million in the bank card of the chemical bald teacher" and "The recording of Hu Mouyu and the bald teacher flowed out", with a total of 40,000 likes and nearly 4,000 comments. After being interrogated by Shangrao public security organs according to law, Wenmou first confessed to the illegal and criminal facts that his fictional events disrupted social order. At present, Shangrao public security organs have transferred Cao’s first case to the people’s procuratorate for review and prosecution, and taken measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　Case 4: Fuzhou public security organs investigated and dealt with Chen Mou’s online rumor case of "the dam body of the upper reaches of Fuzhou collapsed and took the opportunity to raise money".

　　In May, 2023, Chen Mou, Fuzhou, published a rumor article on the online platform that "the dam body of the reservoir in the upper reaches of Fuzhou collapsed, which is like purgatory on earth", and took the opportunity to fabricate the "lixi town Disaster Donation Proposal" to appeal to the society to donate to it. Relevant information fabricates facts, misleads netizens and disturbs public order. After being inquired by Fuzhou public security organs according to law, Chen Mou confessed to the illegal act. At present, the public security organs in Fuzhou have imposed administrative punishment on Chen Mou according to law, and taken measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　Case 5: Ganzhou public security organs investigated and dealt with the network rumor case of "forest fire in Tankou Town" fabricated by Lai Mouzhen according to law.

　　In May, 2023, in order to gain traffic, Lai Mou of Ganzhou changed the video of forest fire in March, 2023 in Guangxi to the rumor information of "forest fire in Tankou Town". This information has been forwarded many times, causing panic among local residents and disturbing public order. After being asked by the public security organs in Ganzhou according to law, Lai Mouzhen confessed to the illegal act. At present, the public security organs in Ganzhou have imposed administrative penalties on Lai Mouzhen according to law and taken measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　Case 6: Nanchang public security organs investigated and dealt with the online rumor case of "someone abducted children at the gate of Min and Qi Xiaomen in Jinxian County" fabricated by Wan.

　　In May 2023, in order to gain traffic, Nanchang Wanmou concocted a video clip of police officers performing official duties normally around the school into a rumor message that "children were abducted at Min and Qi Xiaomen in Jinxian County". This information was widely forwarded, causing panic among local residents and disturbing public order. After being inquired by the Nanchang public security organ according to law, Wan confessed to the illegal act. At present, Nanchang public security organs have imposed administrative penalties on Wan according to law and taken measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　Case 7: Pingxiang public security organs investigated and dealt with the online rumor case of "the second closure of Pingxiang epidemic" fabricated by Zhang according to law.

　　In May 2023, in order to gain attention, Pingxiang Zhang posted a video of urban road congestion on the online platform and fabricated the rumor that "it is blocked like this, this is the second time that the epidemic will close the city". Relevant rumor information was forwarded and spread, causing panic among local residents and disturbing public order. Inquired by Pingxiang public security organs according to law, Zhang confessed to the illegal act. At present, Pingxiang public security organs have imposed administrative penalties on Zhang according to law and taken measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　Case 8: Ji’ an public security organs investigated and dealt with the online rumor case of "Several college entrance examination candidates jumped into the river under pressure" fabricated by Liu Mochun according to law.

　　In June, 2023, in order to gain traffic, Liu Mouchun of Ji ‘an fabricated and published the rumor information of "Tomorrow’s college entrance examination, several jumps into the river, and now the children are under great pressure" on the online platform. This information has been forwarded many times, causing heated discussion among the local public and disturbing public order. After being inquired by the public security organ in Ji ‘an according to law, Liu Mouchun confessed to the illegal act. At present, the public security organs in Ji ‘an have imposed administrative penalties on Liu Mouchun according to law and taken measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　Case 9: Yichun public security organs investigated and dealt with Nie Moujian’s online rumor that "many people chased and cut one person on the street of Zhangshu and were interrupted by seven or eight ribs".

　　In May 2023, Nie Moujian of Yichun made up and published the rumor information that "seven or eight people on the street of Zhangshu chased and cut one person and broke seven or eight bones" in order to gain traffic. This information has been forwarded many times, causing heated discussion among the local public and disturbing public order. Asked by Yichun public security organs according to law, Nie Moujian confessed to the illegal act. At present, Yichun public security organs have imposed administrative penalties on Nie Moujian according to law and taken measures to shut down his rumored online account.

　　Case 10: Fuzhou public security organs dealt with Wang Moulong’s use of AI to fabricate and spread the rumor that "four major criminal cases occurred in Fuzhou" according to law.

　　In June 2023, in order to satisfy vanity, Wang Moulong of Fuzhou published an article on "Exposing Four Major Criminal Cases in Fuzhou City" generated by AI on the online platform, which caused panic among local residents and disrupted public order. After investigation by Fuzhou public security organs according to law, Wang Moulong confessed to his illegal behavior of publishing online rumors. In view of the fact that Wang Moulong is a minor, Fuzhou public security organs criticized and educated him, ordered his guardian to strictly discipline him, and took measures to shut down his rumored online account.

ICAR 03 brand-new smart driving version starts at 149,800 yuan.

On June 12, 2024, iCAR Automobile and CCTV Finance joined hands to launch a smart driving challenge to Chongqing, the 8D magic capital. The majority of netizens gathered in the official live broadcast room to witness iCAR 03′ s entry into Chongqing with L2++ pure visual advanced intelligent driving assistance program "Zhi", calmly coping with the extreme and complicated road conditions such as mountain city height difference staggered, winding corners, dense traffic and "devil’s garage". After the live broadcast, iCAR 03 launched two new intelligent driving versions for young people, and carried out the right of intelligent driving to the end.

As the first mass-produced model of iCAR brand, iCAR 03 has a deep insight into young people’s lifestyles and attitudes. With its strength, young people will explode when it goes public. This year, iCAR 03′ s first OTA upgrade will realize high-level intelligent driving that can be opened all over the country; At the same time, iCAR 03 once again won the new energy box sales champion in May with 6,668 explosions.

In order to further fulfill the promise of intelligent equal rights and meet the needs of young people for high-level intelligent driving, iCAR 03 has launched two new versions, namely, the four-wheel drive long-life intelligent enjoyment version and the four-wheel drive long-life intelligent yue version. The official price is 149,800 yuan and 159,800 yuan respectively, which leads the intelligent driving equal rights at the most kind price. Users of the new intelligent driving version can enjoy multiple rights such as replacement gift, additional purchase gift, intelligent driving gift and lifelong gift from now on. iCAR 03 has a long-life four-wheel drive.

High-level intellectual driving equals equal rights, and iCAR enables young people to use good intellectual driving.

The charm of science and technology lies not only in leading, but also in equal rights. ICAR 03 understands young people’s yearning for and pursuit of intelligence, and adopts L2++ level pure visual intelligent driving scheme, so that more young users and high-level intelligent drivers can drive in both directions.

The newly launched iCAR 03 intelligent driving version is equipped with L2 ++ bionic pure vision high-order intelligent driving scheme, which does not rely on laser radar and high-precision maps. With the pure vision technology route, it can have high-order intelligent driving including urban memory driving, cross-layer memory parking, high-speed navigation, etc. And with the universality of pure vision technology scheme, users can "drive all over the country without waiting for drawing", that is, they can easily open a new experience of high-order intelligent driving.

ICAR 03 intelligent driving experience is not inferior to the mainstream market route in the core scenes such as urban commuting, intelligent parking and high-speed navigation. The urban memory driving function can support the memory of commuting routes with 10 routes and a single route with a maximum length of 150km, and the commuting freedom of "one-click commuting" and "one-click going to the mall" can be realized only once. In the parking scene that is the most troublesome for beginners, through multiple intelligent parking functions including automatic parking assistance, remote parking assistance, memory parking assistance, cross-floor memory parking assistance and tracking parking, all kinds of parking spaces can be easily grasped; High-speed navigation helps users in high-speed driving scenes, such as expressways and urban expressways, without relying on high-precision maps, and provides the capabilities of automatic ramp-up, active overtaking, optimal lane selection, etc., realizing the navigation assistance function of the whole scene, effectively alleviating driving fatigue and improving driving safety.

ICAR 03 understands the needs of young people, and enjoys it.

ICAR has always been committed to building cars for young people. Young people’s pursuit of the ultimate quality of life cannot be ignored. iCAR 03 provides a more equal and high-level intelligent driving experience, and also provides young people with a brand-new upgraded comfort experience. Among them, the four-wheel drive long-life Zhiyue version is advanced in configuration, including high-performance speakers such as Yanfei Lishi and intelligent melody atmosphere lights. At the same time, it comes standard with Yuechao suit, which provides young people with comfortable configurations including co-driver’s electric seat, steering wheel heating, front seat heating, side air curtain, etc., so that young people can get more considerate care while traveling conveniently and efficiently.

ICAR 03 gives young people all the best.

As a new energy square box model, iCAR 03 writes pure electric driving pleasure into the product gene, and the performance control of iCAR 03 is not emasculated by the price of being close to the people. On the four-wheel drive version with the most extreme performance, iCAR 03 is equipped with the only iWD intelligent electronic control four-wheel drive system at the same level, which can realize intelligent switching between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive. The layout of front and rear dual motors provides powerful power guarantee for the whole vehicle, with peak power of 205kW, wheel torque of 4 100 N m and zero acceleration of only 6.5s s.

ICAR 03 meets the needs of all-weather travel in cities, and its original mixed-element super chassis brings the all-terrain capability ahead of its peers. 8+X all-road driving mode, calmly dealing with most non-paved scenes, establishing the position of a strong cross-country at the same level, and bringing users an unexpected control experience.

In terms of body technology, iCAR 03 adopts all-aluminum body, and its torsional stiffness is 31812 N m/deg, which is ahead of its peers. In terms of configuration, it is equipped with sixteen active safety configurations of ADAS, providing the best protection for the occupants in the car in all directions; In view of the battery safety that new energy users are most concerned about, iCAR 03 adopts high-quality batteries from big factories, and the sandwich battery pack can withstand 2.2 tons of extrusion without deformation … All kinds of details continue to refresh the safety upper limit of pure trams at the same level with super-industry safety standards. iCAR 03 should make safety as young as it is, and become the most distinctive brand label in users’ minds.

Finally:

The new version of iCAR 03, which is listed this time, uses intelligent equal rights, unexpected control and trendy box design to unlock a better high-level intelligent driving experience for young people at the price of making friends. I believe that this smart SUV that young people can afford will surely set off a new wave of smart travel.

Buick will be hot this time, riders： listing will be hot.

I’ll arrange it for you by the way today. Let’s take a look at it together.

Let’s look at the appearance of Angke Banner first. The front of Angke Banner looks very simple as a whole, and the net uses a multi-spoke shape, which makes people unforgettable. Combined with the steady headlights, the overall design is very beautiful. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car, the body size of the car is 4981 mm * 1953 mm * 1726 mm. The car adopts rounded lines, and the side wall presents an elegant design style. With large-sized thick-walled tires, it looks full of sports. In terms of the rear end, the overall shape of the rear end of Angkeqi echoes the front face, the taillights look very cold, and the exhaust pipe uses a two-way design, and the overall shape is still very eye-catching.

Sitting in the car, the interior of Angkor Banner presents an eye-catching design style, giving people a very fashionable atmosphere. The steering wheel of the car uses a three-spoke design and is made of leather, which gives a good grip experience. Take a look at the central control. The car is equipped with a domineering touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and looks cold. The interior feels good, let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats. The car is equipped with a stylish and simple dashboard, which is full of technology. The car uses leather seats, equipped with electric adjustment of auxiliary seats, electric adjustment of seats with memory, and seat proportion tilting, which further improves the comfort of drivers and passengers.

The space performance of the trunk of Angke Banner is ok. If there are big items during the trip, the rear seats can be put down, which is not a problem for daily use. In addition, the car is equipped with anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), braking force distribution (EBD), traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), main driver airbag, co-pilot airbag, knee airbag, side airbag curtain, front airbag and other safety configurations.

Summary of the full text: This car has been introduced almost before, and I believe many users who buy a car have taken a fancy to its comfort and practicality.

Lynk & Co 08 configuration interpretation, insufficient 195,800

In the development of science and technology, the automotive industry has always been at the forefront, and advanced technology will be the first to arm the car. Such equipment is still very popular with consumers. What I bring to riders today is. Let’s take a look with me.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of the Lynk & Co 08 first. The front shape of the Lynk & Co 08 looks relatively soft and looks very deep. With the headlights, it is in line with the consumer’s aesthetic. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing, etc. Come to the side of the car, the body size of the car is 4820MM*1915MM*1685MM, the car adopts simple and fashionable lines, the side looks very cute, with large-sized thick-walled tires, leaving a very round and lovely feeling. Looking back, the rear looks very soft, the taillights look very fashionable and dynamic, and the overall layout is impressive.

Sitting in the car, the interior presents a fashionable and dynamic design style, full of fighting atmosphere. The steering wheel shape of the car is eye-catching, equipped with functions such as manual up and down + front and rear adjustment of the steering wheel, and the shape is simple. Let’s take a look at the central control, which is decorated with a 15.4-inch central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and looks very simple. Let me introduce the dashboard and seats below, which look more comfortable. The car adopts leather seats, which are wrapped in place and have a good overall comfort.

Lynk & Co 08 trunk space performance is decent, but support the rear seats to recline, which greatly enhances the expansion of space and meets daily travel needs. At the same time, the car is equipped with anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), braking force distribution (EBD), traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.) main driver airbag, passenger seat airbag, side aircurtain, front side airbag and other safety configurations.

After reading the full text, what are your main impressions of this car? The model class introduced today is the level that many people consider the most when buying their first car. This is mainly because the size of this class of models is moderate and the price is reasonable.

What a savings! Google Maps Android Go version doesn’t support navigation

The original title: What a savings! Google Maps Android Go version doesn’t support navigation

July 28 news Android Go is a lightweight version of Google’s Android operating system. It has many engine optimizations to run on low-end phones. However, these optimizations can sometimes cause a lot of trouble. For example, the Android Go version of Google Maps does not even support navigation.

Image.png

Previously, if users wanted to use the navigation function in Google Maps Go, the app would jump to the Google Play Store and prompt you to install the full Google Maps app. This makes the lightweight work of Android Go seem a bit excessive.

To address this problem, Google recently launched an app called Navigation for Google Maps Go, which provides the navigation features that Google Maps Go lacks. The app supports voice navigation and is 12MB in size. Although it is not perfect, the app at least makes up for the shortcomings of Google Maps Go.

Image.png

Android Go has been subject to a lot of criticism, and its apps have come under fire. Google is also making improvements to the operating system ecosystem, but from a user’s perspective, it still has a long way to go.

Beijing Jietu Shanhai T2 is being discounted! 8,000, not to be missed

At [Autohome Beijing Discount Promotion Channel], we bring you the latest discounts on the model. At present, consumers in the Beijing area are enjoying a very strong car purchase promotion. The maximum discount has reached an astonishing 8,000 yuan, which makes the Jietu Shanhai T2 model with a starting price of 171,900 yuan even more attractive. To seize this rare car purchase opportunity, be sure to click "Chatty Car Price" in the quotation form to get a more favorable car purchase price. Take action now and don’t miss this once-in-a-lifetime car purchase opportunity!

北京捷途山海T2正在优惠！优惠0.8万，不容错过

北京捷途山海T2正在优惠！优惠0.8万，不容错过

The Jietu Shanhai T2 shows a unique side charm with its exquisite body proportions. The length, width and height of this model are 4785mm x 2006mm x 1875mm respectively, and the wheelbase reaches 2800mm, providing a solid foundation for the interior space. The front and rear wheelbases are 1685mm and 1695mm respectively, ensuring good driving stability and comfort. The tire specification adopts 255/60 R19, which reflects a high-quality driving experience both visually and performance. The wheel rim design incorporates a sense of modernity and power, adding a sense of movement and dynamic beauty to the vehicle.

北京捷途山海T2正在优惠！优惠0.8万，不容错过

The interior design of Jietu Shanhai T2 fully demonstrates the perfect fusion of fashion and practicality. Its spacious interior space is wrapped in warm leather, and the steering wheel is made of leather material to provide a comfortable feel. A large 15.6-inch central control screen stands in the center of the cockpit, equipped with advanced automatic speech recognition control system, supports multimedia, navigation, telephone and other functions, making it easy to operate. The seats are made of imitation leather and leather/fabric mix and match materials, and the main and passenger seats support multi-directional adjustment, such as front and rear, high and low, and backrest to ensure passenger comfort. USB and Type-C interfaces are distributed in the front and rear rows to provide convenient charging and connection support for passengers’ electronic devices. The rear seats support proportional reclining, providing flexible loading space to meet diverse needs. The overall interior design emphasizes both practicality and refinement in detail, creating a pleasant interior atmosphere.

北京捷途山海T2正在优惠！优惠0.8万，不容错过

The Jietu Shanhai T2 is equipped with a 1.5T turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 115 kilowatts and a strong output. The torque performance of this engine is also quite good, providing 220 Nm of torque support for the vehicle. With the 3-speed DHT transmission, power transmission and fuel economy are further optimized, ensuring a smooth driving experience in all road conditions.

Overall, the Jietu Shanhai T2, with its hardcore off-road characteristics and atmospheric exterior design, has Autohome owners saying that this car even surpasses the appeal of the Tank 300. For consumers seeking a unique off-road experience and visual impact, the Shanhai T2 is undoubtedly a powerful choice, which not only meets functional needs, but also perfectly blends emotion and practicality.

Xiaomi eliminated MIUI, but the car was disconnected.

Image source @ vision china

Text | Jinjiao Finance, Author | Dongli

With the official announcement of the Xiaomi 14 series mobile phone conference on October 27, Xiaomi 14 immediately boarded the hot search. In this regard, Lei Jun responded enthusiastically: "Don’t worry, this product is very strong!"

One day later, Lei Jun announced that Xiaomi’s self-developed new operating system Xiaomi 澎湃 OS will be launched soon, and Xiaomi 14 series will be the first mobile phone equipped with the new system, and MIUI, which has served for 13 years, will gradually fade into the dust.

In fact, Xiaomi 澎湃 OS is not only an upgrade and replacement of MIUI, but also a brand-new ecological operating system, and it is also ready for the upcoming car system. As Lei Jun said, this is "a key leap towards" people and cars ".

With the increasing involution of the mobile phone track in recent years, and the mobile phone becoming the connection entrance of intelligent hardware including automobiles and home appliances, the mobile phone with "no volume" in hardware has finally come to the software arena by the express train of the Internet of Things.

Xiaomi has always pursued the development model of "soft and hard combination". Even the first product of Xiaomi is the operating system software like MIUI. Coupled with the self-developed system of Apple and Huawei, "Zhuyu is in the front", Xiaomi really has no reason not to develop its own operating system.

Nowadays, MIUI, which has been with Xiaomi users for 13 years, is about to retire, and the OS, which has been dormant for 9 years, has finally come to the sun, becoming a key hub to help realize the ecological closed loop of Xiaomi’s "people and cars".

At such a critical moment, Xiaomi automobile failed to show up, and the current new energy vehicles have been seriously involved. It is not easy for Lei Jun to realize the ecological closed loop of "people and cars".

As Xiaomi 澎湃 OS takes the stage, MIUI will gradually retire.The operating system developed by Xiaomi twice has different development stages and missions.

Looking back at the birth of MIUI, on August 16th, 2010, MIUI, as the first product of Xiaomi, was officially launched, and it was constantly updated and iterated at the pace of one shift every year. By last December, MIUI had evolved to MIUI 14.

For more than ten years, MIUI has only four commonly used functions from the first edition, and has gradually become the underlying deep framework of cross-end interconnection; The radiation scope of MIUI has also expanded from the earliest 100 "dream sponsors" to 1.175 billion cumulative users worldwide.

The birth of MIUI means that when Xiaomi chose to cut into the market at a low price with a cost-effective advantage in the early stage of its business, it neutralized the low-end and cheap atmosphere when Xiaomi’s hardware equipment was not dominant, adding the charm of quality and making Xiaomi’s mobile phone stand out.

For example, they are all customized systems developed based on Google Android, but MIUI is more beautiful and refreshing, perfectly supports the display of Chinese fonts, and even includes alarm clock functions for the lunar calendar and weekdays.

Even so, MIUI, after all, is a third-party mobile operating system based on the deep optimization, customization and development of the Android system under Xiaomi, so it can’t get rid of the drawbacks of the bloated, stuck and unstable Android system.

At the same time, in the era of Internet of Everything, with the growing ecological chain of Xiaomi, and the release of Xiaomi car is in sight, the complexity and huge number of operating system branches involved in various devices, as well as the ecological connection gap between different systems and protocols, have become challenges that cannot be ignored.

At present, MIUI obviously can’t afford such a large-scale interconnection. The biggest problem caused by all kinds of accumulated disadvantages and inconveniences is to push up the cost of development and maintenance, and even discourage users because of the unsmooth experience.

The birth of Xiaomi 澎湃 OS is precisely to solve this problem. Its goal is to build a unified and extensible operating system framework to support all kinds of smart devices of Xiaomi, thus breaking down the barriers between different devices and different systems.

According to public information, when Xiaomi’s Internet of Things business began to take shape in 2014, Xiaomi had already started exploratory development and verification of the operating system. In 2017, Xiaomi officially started the research and development of a new operating system. And in 2020, it launched an operating system specially built for IoT devices &mdash; &mdash; Xiaomi Vela。

The word Vela comes from the Latin word "sail", which is a "real-time operating system" (RTOS) made by Xiaomi based on the foreign open source project "NuttX". The main target hardware is smart speakers, smart light bulbs, water meters and meters.

With the increasing number of "smart homes" connected by Xiaomi, what Xiaomi Vela has to do is to provide a unified platform for these smart home devices to manage and open up fragmented Internet of Things application scenarios.

Xiaomi 澎湃 OS inherited the Vela system. By "integrating the deeply evolved Android and the self-developed Vela system, it completely rewrote the underlying architecture and made a public base for the future tens of billions of devices and tens of billions of connections."

In other words, Xiaomi 澎湃 OS has carried the mission of the underlying base of the Internet of Everything since its establishment, and it has also become a powerful tool for Xiaomi to solve the current weak growth of the mobile phone market and start new growth with "the whole ecology of people, cars and homes".

A cruel reality in the mobile phone market is that only by expanding outward can we seize the future.On the one hand, Xiaomi makes efforts to build cars and home appliances, and broadens the ecology of Mijia. On the other hand, it deeply integrates them through innovations such as operating systems to stabilize the core position of the mobile phone business.

As the core entrance of the Internet of Everything, mobile phones are deepening the penetration of other business ecosystems of Xiaomi.

In addition to the TV business that was recently merged into Xiaomi’s mobile phone department, in the last three years, Xiaomi also split the notebook business and tablet business and merged them into the mobile phone department; According to many insiders, Xiaomi’s wearing department, which was established in 2020, was previously included in the R&D system of the mobile phone department.

According to Xiaomi insiders: "In the mobile phone ×IoT strategy, the mobile phone is 1, and the others are all behind 0."

On the one hand, mobile phones are still the basic disk of Xiaomi, accounting for more than 50% of revenue for many years; On the other hand, Xiaomi’s mobile phone business is under obvious pressure. The data shows that Xiaomi’s smartphone business revenue in the second quarter was 36.6 billion yuan, down 13.4% year-on-year; In the second quarter, smartphone shipments were 32.9 million units, down 15.8% year-on-year.

Compared with the low speed or even negative growth of mobile phones, Xiaomi’s IoT business has shown greater growth potential.

According to Canayls data, in June 2023, the number of active users of MIUI worldwide reached 606 million, a year-on-year increase of 10.8%; As of June 30, 2023, the number of IoT devices (excluding smartphones, tablets and laptops) connected to Xiaomi’s AIoT platform has increased to 655 million, a year-on-year increase of 24.2%.

Xiaomi started the layout of smart home ecology in the early stage of its business. In 2013, it started the ecological chain plan, and planned to "invest in 100 ecological enterprises in five years", and formed a unique Mijia ecological chain, among which there are many outstanding people in the segmentation field. For example, mi band is the product of cooperation between Xiaomi and Huami. Behind Xiaomi headphones is Wanmo Acoustics, and behind smart homes are enterprises such as Green Rice and Smart Rice.

The aggregated business with rich products and higher competition barriers such as "Family Barrel" has also attracted a number of mobile phone manufacturers.

For example, in recent years, Huawei has successively released many products including watches, tablets, headphones, whole house intelligence, etc. OPPO also started with TV to lay out smart home products, and made rapid progress.

Visible,In recent years, the "involution" of the mobile phone industry has been completely not limited to the mobile phone itself, but in ecology.

Today’s mobile phone camp, the two brands of Apple and Huawei, which are firmly stuck in the high-end market, have their own operating system, and at the same time, they have established the "Apple Family Bucket" and "Huawei Family Bucket" with exclusive applications, services and products.

In a practical sense, the self-developed operating system can not only promote the cause of the Internet of Things, but also help optimize the brand image and win the high-end market. At the same time, through the self-developed operating system to reduce costs and increase efficiency, we will build a moat of technology and services, get rid of dependence on Android, and reduce all aspects of research and development costs and the risk of "stuck neck" sanctions.

Before Xiaomi, Huawei’s HarmonyOS system and Apple’s iOS were worthy of reference. For example, Huawei’s unified naming of "HarmonyOS" made Huawei’s entire ecosystem have a higher degree of recognition, and the self-developed ecosystem extended more exclusive applications, services and products, which not only improved users’ stickiness, but also boosted shipments of other product lines.

Nowadays, the involution of mobile phone manufacturers seems to be concentrated in the operating system, and they all hope to build their own smart terminal "family bucket". The competition faced by Xiaomi is still not small.

In addition, from the perspective of ecological chain, Xiaomi has established a wealth of products and accumulated a huge user base, but in a short time, Xiaomi still can’t get rid of Android.

If you don’t rely on Android AOSP, most applications on Xiaomi devices need to be redone according to your own development requirements, which is unrealistic at present. Even HarmonyOS system has gone through many iterations to achieve independence.

Therefore, Xiaomi can’t pose a direct threat to iOS, Android, HarmonyOS and other ecosystems in the short term just by developing its own operating system.

Whether Xiaomi’s operating system can finally win in the market competition depends on the effect of core functions and experience, which will have to be announced by Lei Jun at the press conference on October 27th.

With the car landing in the Internet of Everything, a differentiated ecosystem in the future may become the core competitiveness of mobile phone manufacturers to strive for cooperation with car companies. butXiaomi’s car-making business, which has attracted much attention for a long time, has gradually become a key link in Xiaomi’s "people and cars" ecology.

In 2021, seeing that the growth of the entire mobile phone market is about to peak, Lei Jun decisively chose to cross the border to build a car. "Smart cars are the current outlet and an indispensable part of the smart ecology in the future. Together with personal mobile devices and home environment, they form a complete smart life scene."

On March 30 of that year, Xiaomi announced that it had officially entered the field of smart electric vehicles. The initial investment is 10 billion yuan, and it is estimated that the investment will be 10 billion dollars in the next 10 years. Lei Jun said, "This is the last major entrepreneurial project in my life. I am willing to put all my reputation in life and personally lead the team to fight for Xiaomi Automobile. "

Two years after it was put into production, it was recently reported that Beijing Yizhuang Xiaomi Automobile Factory had started construction this year, and mass production was imminent. On October 13th, Guo Ming Fufa, an analyst of Tianfeng International Securities, said that the first Xiaomi car is expected to be sold in 2024, with an estimated shipment of 50,000-60,000 units. The key selling points are autonomous driving, software ecology and 800V fast charging and power configuration, and the estimated price is less than 300,000 yuan.

In addition, according to market rumors, Xiaomi’s new car will adopt the 澎湃 OS system, and will be equipped with Qualcomm’s latest flagship chip and wireless charging technology; At the same time, it also supports 800V high-voltage fast charging, charging for 10 minutes and battery life of 300 kilometers.

In terms of autonomous driving, Lei Jun once said that Xiaomi Automobile will enter the first camp of the industry in 2024. Therefore, Xiaomi has formulated the strategy of full-stack self-research, and the automobile R&D team has expanded to 2,300 people in 2022, and has applied for 956 patents as of October 18.

From the perspective of supply chain,The mass production of Xiaomi automobile in 2024 may be just a good time, that is, just avoiding the bottleneck period of the industry, sitting on the sidelines when the major car companies are rolled up and flying, and entering the market when the industry completes the reshuffle.

However, with the popularization of new energy vehicles, the domestic competition market for new energy vehicles has become a red sea. BYD, Ideality and Huawei have occupied the dominant market position, and Tesla, which continues to reduce costs, has great momentum to fight the price war to the end, while Weimar and other automobile manufacturers, which were in the early days, have even ended up in bankruptcy.

Compared with Lei Jun’s announcement to build a car, the retail sales of new energy vehicles in China accounted for only 8.49%, and the market of new energy vehicles is growing and the competition is becoming increasingly fierce. According to the data of China Automobile Association, from January to September 2023, the production and sales of new energy vehicles were 6.313 million and 6.278 million respectively, up by 33.7% and 37.5% respectively, and the market share reached 29.8%.

In such a cruel and saturated market,The most likely way for Xiaomi to succeed is to rely on Xiaomi’s brand awareness and integrate the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain to reduce costs and dislocation competition as much as possible.

Since the official announcement of the car, Xiaomi has invested in the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain in the name of Xiaomi Zhizao Fund, Xiaomi Production and Investment Fund, Shunwei Capital and Xiaomi Private Equity Fund Management, and almost invested in the upstream and downstream of the new energy automobile industry chain.

Through investment, we can establish deeper links with enterprises in the upstream and downstream of the automobile supply chain, which is surprisingly consistent with Xiaomi’s logic of making mobile phones in the past.

Making good use of its own resources in supply chain integration, 6.5 billion loT equipment worldwide, 600 million monthly MIUI users, and tens of thousands of retail stores across the country may be the key to Xiaomi Automobile’s latecomers.

reference data

  • Titanium media "MIUI or curtain call, Xiaomi tells the story again"
  • Zinc Finance "Domestic mobile phones get together and develop their own systems, and it has become a trend to fight against Android"
  • Radar finance "MIUI retired, 澎湃 OS" upper position ",Xiaomi should take the road of Huawei? 》
  • Interesting business "Xiaomi makes a car: can the" price butcher "still wield a knife? 》

How did the whistle and brilliant colors of fireworks come about？

When Xiao Bian was very young, he liked to run to the balcony to watch fireworks every New Year. After a bang, a bright and colorful fireworks burst into the distant sky, gorgeous and beautiful.
All kinds of fireworks @Wikipedia
Therefore, Xiao Bian, who was young and ignorant at that time, couldn’t help wondering … Why did a small box on the ground look like that after being ignited? How on earth are fireworks designed and made in order to show such a brilliant effect?
The picture comes from the Internet.
There are many kinds of fireworks, and the fireworks seen in general TV programs, that is, the kind that flies to the sky with a bang and then explodes, are a special kind of fireworks called fireworks.
Fireworks @Wikipedia
Fireworks bloom can be roughly divided into two stages. The first stage is the launch of the fireworks bomb: with a bang, something on the ground flew into the sky. The second stage is probably the burst of fireworks, and a firework exploded in the sky. What happened in these two stages respectively?
The internal structure of a certain kind of fireworks is probably like this [1].
Fireworks structure @pyrouniverse.com
Hit the fireworks into the sky
When we lit the fuse (fast fuse), the fuse gave the friends time to evacuate and delayed the explosion. When the fuse burns to the propellant, ignite the propellant. Propellant is generally black powder discovered by the ancient alchemist in China. After the fireworks are lit, the sound of "bang" is the explosion of this thing. The main components of black powder are sulfur, charcoal and potassium nitrate, and the reaction formula of explosion is complicated. A typical chemical reaction equation looks like this (familiar with one sulfur, two nitrates and three carbons):
This explosion reaction produces a lot of heat and high-temperature gas, which is similar to the principle of rocket launch. The high-temperature gas produces huge thrust and pushes the shell into the sky. In the process of flying high into the air, we often hear the whistling sound, which is a sound effect of fireworks. It comes from a special thermal-acoustic coupling combustion-pulsating combustion.
Pulsating combustion
Pulsating combustion is a special unstable combustion process, and the parameters such as temperature, pressure and airflow speed in the combustion zone will fluctuate periodically with time. In the process of industrial application of pulsating combustion, there will be a lot of noise radiated from the tail pipe of the burner [2]. This technology involves many nonlinear processes of thermo-acoustic coupling, large amplitude acoustic wave effect and so on, which is very complicated, so there is no relevant theory at present [3].
But the fact that there is no relevant theory doesn’t mean that we are not here or can’t use it.
People engaged in fireworks production already know that in order to make fireworks produce this whistling sound, it is necessary to use a special kind of combustion product-flute agent. Oxidizers (potassium perchlorate and potassium chlorate) and flute agents (mainly derivatives of benzene) are mixed and packed into paper or plastic tubes, and pulsating combustion will occur after ignition, resulting in crisp flute sound [4].
@ References [4]
This pulsating combustion causes thousands of violent vibrations of air every second, releasing high-frequency sound waves. Therefore, the combustion chamber loaded with flute agent and oxidant acts as a propeller, and at the same time, it also emits a sharp whistle-like sound.
In addition to the fireworks launched, there is also a famous fireworks with sound. Xiaobian’s hometown likes to call him a monkey, which is this thing:
@bilibili-av8389766
The ingredients of the propellant used in this kind of thing are potassium perchlorate and potassium hydrogen phthalate. And this potassium hydrogen phthalate, as can be seen from the above table, is also a flute agent (although the sound frequency emitted by combustion is unstable, it still produces a sound pressure of 100dB).
Burst out a firework.
After the propellant is detonated, the delay lead is ignited and the time is started. By the time the shell flies to high altitude and needs to be ignited, the delay lead is almost burned out. So the explosive was detonated and the stars were blown all over the sky. The figure of the fireworks explosion depends on the position of the stars in the shell. If the medicine makes the fireworks explode into a specific shape, it is necessary to design the arrangement of the stars in the fireworks subtly [5].
What the hell is this star? It is the most crucial and mysterious part of the whole fireworks display ~
Its main components are magnesium powder, potassium perchlorate and metal salt or metal powder [6].
Star Composition @ Paperclip-How to Make Explosive Fireworks
After the star is ignited, magnesium powder as reducing agent and potassium perchlorate as oxidizing agent burn violently, giving off a lot of light and heat (but not gas) and becoming the shining things in the fireworks.
But how did the colors of fireworks come from? This involves an important phenomenon related to physics and chemistry-flame reaction.
flame reaction
Simple metals or their compounds will evaporate into individual particles at extremely high temperature, and only individual particles can exhibit flame reaction. (There is no flame reaction in bulk solid samples, because the luminescence of bulk materials is mainly related to the movement of electrons in the materials, and there are various electrons in different movement states in bulk solid samples, so the spectrum of light emitted by bulk materials is very wide and does not present a relatively single color [7]). However, the free metal simple substance or metal ion in the flame will be excited to an excited state with higher energy at high temperature.
However, the excited atom at higher energy is unstable, and it will always transition to the most stable ground state with the lowest energy. In this process, the photon energy (hν) emitted by the atom is exactly equal to the energy difference between the excited state (energy E2) and the ground state (energy E1).
@Wikipedia
The wavelength of photons emitted in this way does not depend on the temperature of the evaporated metal particles, but only on the energy difference between the two energy levels where the transition occurs, and this energy difference is only related to the kind of atoms.
Therefore, different metal ions will have different colors. In this way, we can use various metals and metal compounds to produce various colors.
The metals or metal compounds in the stars, heated by the huge heat released by the burning of magnesium and potassium perchlorate, emit their own light through the flame reaction.
The color of flame reaction [8]
tag
It’s been more than a dozen Spring Festival from a silly child who knows nothing to today’s Xiaobian. Looking at the manuscript, I can’t help but think of myself skipping in front of fireworks more than ten years ago. Time flies, the sun and the moon fly. Although it is more and more difficult to see the fireworks bloom, their physical and chemical principles are becoming more and more clear.
Anyway, it’s the Spring Festival. While enjoying the beautiful and gorgeous fireworks, don’t miss the same beautiful and gorgeous physical and chemical principles behind the fireworks ~
Ps: Places where fireworks and firecrackers are prohibited should strictly abide by the regulations.
reference data
[1] https://steemit.com/science/@xenvy04/the-chemistry-of-fireworks-happy-fourth-of-july
Shao Dongwei, Wang Junfa, Liu Yuanjun, et al. Research and application of pulsating combustion technology [J]. Modern Agriculture, 2009 (7):41-43.
Wu Yunfei, Deng Kai, Shen Zhongliang, et al. Development of pulsating combustion technology [J]. Light Industry Machinery, 2013 (1):106-110.
Lan Haikang. The relationship between flute agent and chemical structure [J]. Fireworks Technology and Market, 1994(1):20-21.
[5] https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/86164747
[6] How to make explosive fireworks
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_test
[8] https://www.compoundchem.com/2013/12/30/the-chemistry-of-fireworks/
Editor: Luna
Reporting/feedback