When talking about tigers in China, almost everyone knows it. Since ancient times, the tiger has been revered and worshipped by people. It is regarded as a symbol of strength, courage, majesty and even power, and is regarded as the "king of beasts" and "the god of towns and mountains" with its majestic posture, powerful momentum and quick action and the word "king" on its forehead.
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Tiger culture in China has a long history. In writing, language, literature, sculpture, painting, opera, folk customs, as well as folklore, fairy tales and nursery rhymes, the image of the tiger is everywhere and deeply rooted in people’s hearts. In ancient times, there was a tiger totem worship, and there were folk customs of wearing tiger’s head shoes and hats and posting tiger New Year pictures. In Chinese, there are many idioms, such as roaring tigers, being energetic, hiding dragons and crouching tigers, adding wings to tigers, getting nothing without venturing, getting nothing without venturing, and so on.
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However, while people worship tigers, it happens from time to time.China is the country of origin of tigers, with the largest number of tiger subspecies, but there are only dozens of existing wild tiger populations. What’s even more embarrassing is that while all parties are debating whether there is a wild South China tiger, some experts pessimistically assert that the wild Northeast Tiger has also disappeared in China!
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Since the 1950s, the wild Siberian tiger has gradually disappeared due to excessive deforestation and the interruption of the food chain.For decades, the forest in Changbai Mountain stretches for thousands of miles, and it is no longer the roar of tigers that reverberates, but the legend about the Northeast Tiger.
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Surprisingly, the vast Changbai Mountain is now reappearing the scene of tigers leaping over mountains, and the sound of tigers whistling and wind is frequently heard!Through unremitting efforts of all parties, the number of wild Siberian tigers in Jilin Province has reached 27, and the number of Siberian leopards has recovered to 42! The monitoring results also show that more than half of these wild Siberian tigers are sub-adults and larvae, and five tiger families have survived and multiplied in Jilin Province.
In the scattered area of the Northeast Tiger Forest Park in Hengdaohezi, Heilongjiang Province, a group of Northeast Tigers ran in the water to grab the broilers (photo taken on July 12, 2016). Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Jianwei photo
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Meeting the wild Siberian tiger is no longer news.
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Although it is a hot summer season, the forest in Changbai Mountain is very cool. Walking in the mountain path of Dahuanggou Forest Farm, Gao Dabin, a staff member of Hunchun Northeast Tiger National Nature Reserve, tells the story of "unexpected encounter" between local people and wild northeast tigers. At the end of every story, he would deliberately add: In the past, meeting a tiger was enough to show off for three or two years; It’s no longer news to meet a tiger on the mountain now …
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Before the reporter and his party arrived in Hunchun, the easternmost city in Jilin Province, a friend of Hunchun was exposed in a circle of friends, and the cattle raised by local villagers were bitten by tigers. Every two days, this friend took another photo, and another cow was killed by a tiger.In Hunchun, the nearest place where the tiger appeared was less than 10 kilometers away from the urban area.
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Siberian tiger, also known as Siberian tiger, is mostly distributed in Russian Far East, northeast China and other places. Affected by habitat destruction, indiscriminate killing and other factors, the wild Siberian tiger has been sharply reduced since the last century.There are only a few hundred of them in the world.
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Hunchun, located at the junction of China, Russia and North Korea, borders on two Tiger and Leopard Parks and Hassan Wetland in Primorsky Krai, Russia. It is the most densely populated area of wild Siberian tigers in China, and it is also the key ecological corridor for wild Siberian tigers to "freely visit" in China and Russia.
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In 2001, Hunchun Nature Reserve, the first nature reserve in China with the northeast tiger and leopard and their habitats as the main protection objects, was established, and was promoted to a national nature reserve in 2005. After the establishment of the pilot scheme of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park system in 2016, the original Hunchun Nature Reserve became the core area of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park.
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According to the pilot scheme, the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park starts from Qinglongtai Forest Farm of Hunchun Forestry Bureau in the east, goes to Nangou Forest Farm of Wangqing Forestry Bureau in the west, starts from Jingxin Forest Farm of Hunchun Forestry Bureau in the south, and goes to Fendou Forest Farm of Tokyo Forestry Bureau in the north, with a total area of 14,600 square kilometers, mainly in Jilin Province, spanning Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces.?
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In the view of many wildlife protection experts, this area is the most important settlement and breeding area with the largest population, the most frequent activities and the most important population in Northeast China. Especially, judging from the current situation of the habitat of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard in Hunchun and Wangqing, delineating this area and carrying out the national park pilot project will help to enhance the connectivity, coordination and integrity of the habitat of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard, promote the overall protection and system restoration of the wild Northeast Tiger and Leopard, and then realize the stable reproduction of the population.
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Walking through the forest of Dahuanggou Forest Farm, you can see the safety tips of tigers everywhere. According to the staff of the forest farm, there is a high probability of "meeting" with wild Siberian tigers in this area, and it is not unexpected to meet tigers.In July last year, a small video of a local wild Siberian tiger going down the mountain exploded in a circle of friends.
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From no trace to frequent appearance, from precariousness to settling down, from confrontation between man and tiger to peaceful coexistence, the road to the return of the "king of beasts" is covered with mysterious and wonderful stories, telling too many glories and hardships.
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On the eve of the seventh "Global Tiger Day" on July 29th this year, the reporter and his party went deep into the beautiful forest of Changbai Mountain in Jilin Province.Walking into the nascent Northeast Tiger and Leopard National ParkGo up the mountain to protect the tiger with the mountain rangers, follow their footsteps, listen to their stories, and trace the "return of the king" a little bit.
Video screenshot
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In the video, the protagonist emerged from the cornfield with a height of more than one person, which was embarrassing. Mr. Sun, a citizen of Hunchun who filmed this video, said that after hearing the news that the villagers found the tiger, he drove here and didn’t expect the tiger to still be there. He took several videos and some photos with his mobile phone not far from the tiger.
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Not far from Dahuanggou Forest Farm is Tianqiaoling Forestry Bureau in Wangqing County. At the end of May this year, local forest frog farmers found the footprints and feces of the suspected wild Siberian tiger, which was later identified by the Northeast Tiger and Leopard Monitoring and Research Center of the State Forestry Administration and confirmed to be an adult female Siberian tiger. Cao Yongfu, director of Tianqiaoling Forestry Bureau, said,Since September, 2008, this is the 31st discovery of wild Amur tiger activity information in Tianqiaoling Forestry Bureau.
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Tigers are at the top of the food chain. Where tigers live, the food chain is complete."The Return of the King" and "The frequent appearance of tiger shadows" show that the natural ecology belongs to a virtuous circle and the natural animal and plant species are gradually enriched.Lang Jianmin has worked in the reserve for 16 years. Compared with the title of director of the mission center of Hunchun Northeast Tiger National Nature Reserve, he prefers to be called "Lang Tiger".
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Talking about the changes in these years, he said with deep feelings that with the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project, the establishment of nature reserves, especially the comprehensive implementation of hunting bans by local governments, the local ecological environment has gradually improved, the food chain has gradually improved, and the environment for the growth and reproduction of wild Siberian tigers has returned.
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From Hunchun to Wang Qing, from forest farm to protection bureau, many people told reporters that in recent years, the population of butch and leopard in Northeast China has shown a recovery growth trend by taking active protection measures.
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The results of special monitoring show that,At present, there are five Amur tiger families living in Jilin Province, and 27 wild Amur tigers and 42 Amur leopards have been detected in the whole province, which is an obvious increase compared with the 6-9 Amur tigers found by Chinese, Russian and American scientists in Changbai Mountain forest area in 1998.
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With the increase of population, the wild Siberian tiger began to spread from the border line to the mainland. Especially in Huangnihe Forestry Bureau, which is less than 300 kilometers away from Changchun, the capital of Jilin Province, traces of wild Siberian tigers have been found many times.
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The most surprising thing is that in December, 2015, in the snow of Shengli River Forest Farm in jiaohe city, Jilin Province, mountain patrol personnel found the footprints of suspected big cats. A few days later, it was identified as the footprints of the Northeast Tiger by experts from Jilin Provincial Forestry Department. And here, it’s less than 200 kilometers away from downtown Changchun …
A Siberian tiger preys on live chickens in the scattered area of Hengdaohezi Northeast Tiger Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province (photo taken on July 12, 2016). Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Jianwei photo
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Perseverance and persistence, they "jumped out" the king of beasts to go home.
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February 10th, 2002 was a dark day for the protection of wild Amur tigers. Many years later, many people will remember this special day in the face of the news of the wild Siberian tiger in common newspapers.
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On this day, a seriously injured wild Siberian tiger died of lung abscess, severe liver and kidney failure, although it was rescued for many days. The staff of the reserve who participated in the on-site treatment said that when they received the news and rushed to the scene of the tiger’s injury, they found that the tiger was firmly trapped in the neck by a condom, and the trachea and esophagus were cut off.
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In Changbai Mountain area, a tiger strangled by a condom is by no means a tiger.
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The condom, a tool for strangling the wild Siberian tiger, is as simple as a circle surrounded by an iron bar with a little finger. Poachers fixed it to the trunk to catch wild boar, roe deer and other animals. Unfortunately, the wild Siberian tiger will be caught in the neck if it is not careful when walking.
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"The habit of an animal like a tiger is to move forward bravely and not like to retreat. Once its neck is trapped, it will struggle hard and get rid of it, but the more it does, the tighter and deeper it will be, which will eventually lead to tragedy." Li Zhixing, secretary general of Tianhe Northeast Tiger Protection Association in Hunchun, said.
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Changbai Mountain area, historically, is the home for the survival and reproduction of wild Northeast Tiger and Leopard. Here, the vegetation is lush, the animal resources are abundant, and the wild Northeast Tiger and Leopard are "well-fed". However, when man-made sabotage causes tigers to flee to other places, the roaring of tigers gradually becomes a legend, and when the majestic tigers only appear in film and television works and are often replaced by lame cartoons, the staff of the nature reserve are in pain one by one.
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After learning from a painful experience, they made up their minds: even if they stumble with their feet, they should step by step stumble out the way home for the wild Siberian tiger.
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Every winter, when thick snow covers the vast Changbai Mountain area, the cleaning operation will begin. Together with the border guards and forest police, they braved the cold of MINUS 20 or 30 degrees and stepped on knee-deep snow to look for condoms left by poachers in the deep mountains and forests.They all have an account in their hearts: without a condom, the life of the wild Siberian tiger will be less threatening.
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In January, 2008, Xinhua News Agency reporters followed the staff of the reserve and more than a dozen volunteers from all over the country to go up the mountain to clear the set. What is fresh in my memory is that at the low temperature of MINUS 20 degrees, the battery of the camera quickly ran out, and I walked in the deep mountains, forests and snow, with a biting cold wind blowing on my face and sweat all over my back. Going down the mountain every night, looking at the "trophies" of harvest-large and small condoms, everyone can’t say the complicated taste in their hearts.
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Going up the mountain to clear the set in winter is only a small part of daily work. How many wild northeast butch leopards are there in Changbai Mountain, how big their range of activities is, whether the food chain is complete, what are the characteristics of their habits, and how to monitor their whereabouts … At the beginning of the establishment of the reserve, most people were completely unfamiliar with how to protect the wild northeast butch leopards, lacking experience, technology and equipment, so they had to work hard, learn bit by bit and explore step by step.
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In spring, summer, autumn and winter, they are measuring the mountains and rivers here with their own feet, tasting the hardships of field work under extreme conditions, and also reaping the joy of the return of the "king of beasts".
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Gao Dabin works in Madida Protection Station in the mountains all the year round. At more than 7 o’clock every day, they will set off, bring dry food, GPS and other equipment, wade the river upstream, and go down the mountain when it is dark. In case of special investigation, I often spend ten days and a half in the mountains. When I am hungry, I chew some dry bread, when I am thirsty, I drink a few mouthfuls of mountain spring water, and I spend the night in the farmhouse. Recalling the days of going up the mountain, he said, "It was the most fulfilling, happiest and hardest period in life".
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"I almost died once." Gao Dabin recalled. It was the time when the mountain was closed by heavy snow in winter. He and his colleague Lang Jianmin returned from the mountain tour and met a steep cliff of tens of meters. After discussion, the two decided that Gao Dabin would try to climb down a few meters first, and then the other one would go down.
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Unexpectedly, when Gao Dabin opened his hands to pick up Lang Jianmin below, the accident happened. Lang Jianmin slipped and fell rapidly, and he rushed to his side. At the critical moment, Gao Dabin bent down to pick them up, and the huge momentum made them fall at the same time. Fortunately, after a rapid decline of more than ten meters, a big tree growing on the cliff stopped them …
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Over the past ten years, from the most basic footprint identification to hair collection, from the use of GPS and infrared cameras to the newly introduced SMART patrol system, the patrol work of wild Northeast Tiger and Leopard has been upgraded from routine patrol to digital management.
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Their patrol intelligence level is also improving, and the mountain patrol plan can be made through computer analysis. Modern intelligent equipment such as drones have inserted scientific and technological "wings" into the mountain patrol. They also regularly invite foreign tiger protection experts to Hunchun to learn relevant protection skills on the spot and get international cutting-edge information in time.
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"Without personal experience, it is difficult to understand how hard and lonely their work is." Wang Yue, director of Hunchun Forestry Bureau, said with emotion. It is Lang Jianmin and Gao Dabin, whose persistence and persistence light up the way home of the wild Siberian tiger step by step. They are the protectors of the wild Siberian tiger.
On January 21, 2007, volunteers from all over the country took part in the mountain patrol in Hunchun Nature Reserve.
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The diversion of high-speed rail and the cancellation of high-speed rail are all "making way" for Tiger and Leopard.
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One thing happened in the mountainous area of northeast Jilin, which made people see the determination of governments at all levels in Jilin to protect the wild Amur tiger-
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From Hunchun City to Dongning City, Heilongjiang Province, it is now connected by an ordinary provincial road. In order to improve traffic conditions, Jilin Province originally planned to build an expressway between the two places. However, it has been suggested that if this expressway is completed, it will just run through the wild northeast tiger and leopard activity intensive area, which will inevitably have a great impact on its survival and migration.In order to minimize the harm, under the communication of many parties, the Jilin provincial government canceled the planning of this expressway and improved it on the basis of the original provincial highway.
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The local authorities started planning to build a high-speed railway from Hunchun to Vladivostok, Russia. Experts said that this construction will lead to the division of protected areas and inland forests, which is extremely unfavorable to the living environment of butch and leopard in Northeast China. Unexpectedly,Relevant parties in Jilin Province take good advice on the protection of tigers and leopards in Northeast China, and the planned high-speed railway will be diverted to avoid the hot spots of tigers and leopards’ survival and migration.
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A similar scene happened a few years ago. As an important part of railway traffic in the eastern part of Northeast China, the railway from Dongning to Hunchun touched many people’s hearts when it was planned and built. According to the plan, most of the areas along the railway are areas with lush forests and frequent wildlife activities, and the area between Daduchuan and Hunchun-Songting in Dongning County is an important habitat for wild Siberian tigers.
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In order to reduce the disturbance to the activities of the wild Amur tiger and ensure the green corridor for its migration to the maximum extent, the project party has made many investigations and surveys on the topography, landforms, distribution of animals and plants on both sides of the line, and the distribution location of the local wild Amur tiger and leopard activities, and negotiated with the Jilin Provincial Forestry Department and the International Wildlife Conservation Society to ensure that the habitat and reproduction of the wild Amur tiger will not be hindered as much as possible after the completion of the railway.
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The survival and reproduction of tigers are closely related to food and habitat.Research shows that there are 14 tiger-distributing countries that carry nearly 50% of the global population. Feeding these people requires a lot of cultivated land, leaving less and less land for tigers and other wild animals. Compared with the beginning of last century, the habitat area of tigers decreased by 96%, and the wild population of tigers decreased by 97%.
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In order to form a long-term mechanism for the protection and rescue of wild butch and leopard in Northeast China, Jilin Province has also studied and issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Protection of Butch and Leopard in Northeast China, stipulating that all projects such as railways, roads, water conservancy projects, mining development and border fences to be built in the distribution and potential distribution areas and ecological corridors of wild butch and leopard in Northeast China must be demonstrated by experts organized by forestry and environmental protection administrative departments to ensure that their survival, breeding and proliferation will not be affected.
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Major construction projects "make way" for wild Northeast Tiger and Leopard, which is a microcosm of Jilin provincial government’s efforts to protect wild Northeast Tiger. In recent years, Jilin Province has taken comprehensive measures, successively compiled protection plans and established a monitoring network for wild butch and leopard in Northeast China. In 1996, hunting was banned, and commercial logging was completely stopped in 2015. These measures enabled the rapid growth of animal resources and forest resources, and gradually filled the gap in the food chain of wild northeast tigers and leopards.
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How to improve the ability of protecting wild northeast tiger and leopard? Jilin Province "please come in and go out", actively promote international cooperation, and carry out cross-border population and habitat protection projects with the Global Environment Facility and the World Wide Fund for Nature, and learn from international advanced protection experience. Relevant parties in the province have successively signed cooperation agreements with the Russian Primorsky Krai government and relevant departments on the protection of wild animals such as tigers and leopards in Northeast China, joint efforts to crack down on illegal hunting, and strengthening information exchange and technical cooperation.
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At present, Jilin Province has incorporated the protection of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard into the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", and studied and formulated the "Major Ecological Protection Project Plan for Wild Northeast Tiger and Leopard in Jilin Province" for 10 years, including the construction of nature reserves, the construction of tiger and leopard diffusion corridors, and the ecological restoration of habitats, so as to optimize the survival and reproduction environment of wild Northeast Tiger and Leopard.
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In the interviews in previous years, there was a scene that impressed the reporter deeply.Aring Zhang, a volunteer for wildlife protection, was both happy and worried when he heard the news that the Huangnihe Forestry Bureau had discovered the wild Amur tiger. Happily, the tracks of wild Siberian tigers spread inland, and they are gradually expanding in their homes; Worried, roads separate hills, and tiger habitats will become isolated islands."A tiger lives here, it is difficult to cross the road, it is difficult to mate and breed, and it may end up here. I feel a little sad when I think about it. "
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After learning that the local government made way for the wild Siberian tiger, he was happy for a long time, and his hanging heart was gradually put down.
A little tiger in the Northeast Tiger Forest Park in Heilongjiang is hungry for feeding (photo taken on April 14, 2016). Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Kai photo
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How do people and tigers live in harmony: a difficult problem that must be solved
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With the rapid increase of population, the continuous expansion of human activities, and the sudden decrease of tiger habitat, the conflict between humans and tigers has intensified, and people and animals have been eaten by tigers and killed by tigers from time to time.
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Qu Shuangxi, who lives in Guandaogou Village, Chunhua Town, Hunchun City, used to be a famous hunting expert in the local area. One day many years ago, he went hunting in the mountains after heavy snow and met an injured wild Siberian tiger on his way home. At the critical moment, the tiger ate the venison he had harvested from hunting in the mountains, and Qu Shuangxi got away with it.
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However, Yang Chunyan, an employee of the local Sandaogou Forest Farm, was not so lucky. On the way down the mountain, she met the injured tiger and was bitten to death.
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In 2016, a Siberian tiger ran into Yili Nangou Village, Machuanzi Township, Hunchun City. The villagers were always afraid, and some fields had weeds and dared not fight pesticides. Setting off firecrackers in the village can’t scare away tigers. Villager Zhou Yamei should have been busy picking mushrooms and mountain vegetables in the mountains at this time. "But the tiger came and couldn’t go up the mountain."
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In a pasture not far from Yilinan ‘gou Village, contractor Yin Zhaohai made a mistake: since the "trouble with tigers" in May, six cows have been killed and more than 20 cows are missing."Tigers are rare animals, but the safety of cattle and people must also be considered."
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Li Zhixing said that in the early years, tigers were short of food, and local residents mostly made a living by hunting and raising cattle. Conflicts between humans and tigers were inevitable, and conflicts between humans and tigers often occurred. "How to realize the harmonious coexistence between human beings and wild tigers and leopards and find a way to give consideration to economic development and ecological protection has become a topic that the local government must answer."
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Tigers are the flagship species for biodiversity conservation.The survival and development of wild tiger population is not only related to the integrity and health of the ecosystem, but also related to the inheritance of Chinese tiger culture. China is more concerned about the protection of tigers than any other country, and attaches great importance to the harmony between people and tigers.
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As far as Changbai Mountain is concerned, the wild Northeast Tiger and Leopard is regarded as the soul of its life and the most important symbol of the ecological restoration and construction of this famous mountain. Providing more and more safe and good habitat for wild Siberian tigers, people and tigers can live in harmony.
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In order to alleviate the contradiction between humans and tigers caused by tigers hunting livestock, in 2006, Jilin Province issued a compensation method for personal and property damage caused by key protected terrestrial wild animals, which clearly stipulated that farmers who were injured by wild Siberian tigers and other wild animals should be compensated. "The tiger eats the cow and the government pays the bill" has been widely implemented in the local area, which has alleviated the antagonistic contradiction between man and tiger to some extent and strengthened the concept of local farmers to protect wild animals.
On November 25, 2014, Hunchun Forestry Bureau took a screenshot of the Northeast Tiger video with an infrared camera.
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Since 2008, Hunchun Northeast Tiger National Nature Reserve, together with Riel Conservation Association and International Wildlife Conservation Society, has tried to protect a new model: establishing cattle breeding cooperatives and beekeeping cooperatives in local rural areas, building cowsheds and beehives for villagers free of charge, and providing farmers with means to get rich and increase their income.
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In return, the villagers should set up a patrol team for the protection of wild northeast tigers and leopards, regularly patrol the mountains and clear the sets in the nearby forests, and at the same time manage the villagers not to steal and hunt, report the poaching in time, and report the tracks of tigers and leopards in time.
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"As local villagers, we are very familiar with the mountain environment, and we also know the regularity and living habits of wild Siberian tigers. In addition, farmers can obtain cattle-raising technology through cooperatives, which can increase their income and solve our worries." Sha Mingguo, a villager from Xiamao Village who participated in the peasant patrol team, said.
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Over the years, with the strengthening of government protection and the influence of a series of publicity and education, the local people’s understanding of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard has also undergone major changes.In the past, some people hated and hurt tigers, but now more and more people love and protect tigers, and they are extremely proud of the presence of wild tigers and leopards in Northeast China.
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In Hunchun City, Wangqing County and other areas with frequent activities of wild Northeast Tiger and Leopard, the local government holds various conservation-themed activities every year, such as the Wild Northeast Tiger Culture Festival, the essay contest for primary and secondary school students, and the citizen knowledge contest, etc., and builds a platform that some people like to hear, encouraging more people to participate in the activities, so that more and more local people can realize the value of wild Northeast Tiger and Leopard and the significance of conservation work, and cherish the most famous ecological business card of their hometown.
On August 29, 2010, the opening ceremony of the Northeast Tiger Culture Festival was held.
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Tiger and Leopard National Park began to move from blueprint to realization.
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The frequent appearance of tigers and leopards in Northeast China highlights China’s long-term efforts and achievements in attaching importance to the construction of ecological civilization and solidly promoting nature protection. To explore the fundamental way to save the butch in Northeast China, it is urgent to eliminate the factors that threaten its survival and reproduction, alleviate the conflict between man and tiger, ease the "man and tiger fighting for land", establish rigid rules and strengthen relevant law enforcement.
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On December 5, 2016, the "Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park System Pilot Program" was reviewed and approved at the 30th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, marking the official approval of the long-planned construction of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, and the protection of wild Northeast Tiger and Leopard has turned a new page.
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The plan is clear that through the construction of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, the overall protection and system restoration will be promoted, and a stable breeding and spreading seed source of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard will be formed. According to the relevant person in charge of Jilin Provincial Forestry Department, the scope of the proposed Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park is defined according to the main habitats, diffusion corridors and potential distribution areas of wild Northeast Tiger and Leopard, the integrity and naturalness of the ecosystem, trying to avoid densely populated areas and areas with frequent economic activities, and adapting to the development needs of Northeast Tiger and Leopard population.
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At the same time, the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park will establish a biodiversity monitoring network system, form an integrated ecological environment monitoring network, collect natural and human information closely related to the survival and reproduction of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard in time, and provide scientific basis for the study of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard.
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After the pilot scheme of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park system was passed, the Jilin provincial government set up a leading group for the pilot work of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park system, with a vice governor as the team leader. This year, Jilin Province will also organize the compilation of the Implementation Plan of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park System Pilot and the Master Plan of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park System Pilot.
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Relevant parties in the province and local forestry bureaus have taken active actions to accelerate the general survey of natural resources assets within national parks, the transformation of indigenous people’s production and lifestyle, and the integration and innovation of management systems. At the same time, efforts have been made to strengthen publicity and education, strictly control production and business activities, and push for border demarcation.
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Lan Hongliang, director of Jilin Provincial Forestry Department, expressed the hope that through system innovation, resource integration and the establishment of inter-provincial and national exchange and cooperation platforms, efforts will be made to create a "special zone" for ecological protection and management, so that Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park will become a business card for China’s ecological civilization construction, a window for displaying the image of a responsible big country in international wildlife protection and a model for international cooperation and exchange in wildlife protection.
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Relevant personnel of local protected areas and forestry departments said that there is no precedent to be found in the construction of Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, and there are also practical shortcomings in active exploration. In particular, the system and mechanism of the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, the carrying capacity of the reserve, the inward migration channel of the wild Northeast Tiger and Leopard, the immigration problem and the local economic and social development are all difficult problems.
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Taking the activity area as an example, the activity range of a wild Amur tiger is about 400-500 square kilometers. With the continuous ethnic reproduction, the number of wild Amur tigers in China is increasing, and the existing forest area is far from meeting the requirements for the habitat and population reproduction of wild Amur tigers.
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According to the monitoring data of China and Russia, there are at least 35 tigers and 70 leopards around Hunchun and Russian Leopard Park, but the area is less than 4,000 square kilometers, and the number of wild northeast tigers and leopards has exceeded the carrying capacity of resources by three times.If we can’t provide enough space for the survival and migration of wild butch, there may be a crisis of resource exhaustion and even population collapse.
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Feng Limin, an associate professor at the School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, suggested that the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park has excellent innate conditions, and the Northeast Tiger and Leopard faces great opportunities for restoration and protection. In the next step of promoting construction, we should do a good job in system integration, interest balance and departmental coordination through the idea of "pilot first, key breakthroughs, and driving the overall situation" and correct the institutional drawbacks of "fragmented" management.
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On the wall of the exhibition room of Hunchun Forestry Bureau, there is an eye-catching map with small red flags marking the places where wild Siberian tigers have appeared. From this, we can not only see the migration trend of wild Siberian tigers from east to west, but also find that the wild Siberian tigers are too saturated in some narrow areas.
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Next to a few glass bottles, the organs of the dead wild Siberian tiger were soaked, as if staring at the world outside the bottle, quietly telling a story.
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The return of the king still has a long way to go.
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(This article is reproduced from Xinhua Daily Telegraph. Source: Xinhua News Agency. Source: Photo provided by the author. Editor: Xu Jiamin. Editor: shguancha@sina.com)
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